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认知症照护:实践篇(下)
$54.83
随着我国老年人口数量的增加,认知症患者的人数也在不断增加。《老年照护系类丛书——认知症照护师篇》从认知症的基础信息开始介绍,逐渐引入总体照护原则和方法,再到具体的照护细节。让专业护理人员从浅显易懂但又科学丰富的语言和实例中,深入了解认知症这一疾病的特点和症状表现的独特性,掌握相应的科学应对知识和技能。
本书对如何让认知症患者能够尽可能发挥自己的能力进行自立生活的重要事项进行了详细解说。随着认知症疾病症状的发展,患者会变得难以表达自我身体上的不适或心理上的不悦,自我服药的管理也难以进行。因此,照护者需要能够从认知症患者所显露的表情、态度、言语、日常生活姿态、生命体征以及实验检查数据等信息中,综合评估患者的身体、精神状况,以确切掌握患者的健康状态。本书浅显易懂地解说对患者出现的身体、精神征兆的理解与应对,并以具体方法来阐述如何应对患者的精神行为症状以及药物与非药物疗法、临终照护等的相关知识。
本间昭,日本认知症照护学会前理事长,医师,认知症照护研究培训中心前主任
堀内蕗,佐久大学校长,老年看护学教授,日本老年看护学会前理事长
今井幸充,和光医院院长,医师,日本认知症照护学会前理事
章 对身体症状的理解与应对
节日常健康管理一、健康检查的目的
(一)认知症惠者健康管理的意义与目的
(二)机构当中进行健康管理(健康检查)的目的(三)居家进行健康管理(健康检查)的目的二、健康检查记录方法
(一)问诊(访谈)(二)观察时的注意事项
(三)记录方式(四)睡眠信息
(五)平常需留意的观察事项
三、以日常生活为基础的健康检查
(一)平时能做到的事、做不到的事
(二)呼唤与回应的信息
(三)脸部表情的信息
(四)握手的信息
(五)服饰衣着的信息
(六)饮食方面的信息
(七)排泄方面的信息
(八)洗澡、沐浴时的信息
四、身体症状与应对
(一)饮食(营养)与食欲的异常迹象
(二)腹部的异常迹象(三)胸部的异酱迹象
(四)泌尿生殖器官的异常选象
(五)昡晕的异常迹象(六)远动的异常迹象(七)发热、低体温
(八)水肿、脱水
(九)皮肤的异常迹象
第二节 老年人常见疾病及症状一、老年人疾病特征
(一)老年人身上特有的疾病(二)一个人会羅虑多种疾病
(三)容易重症化且恢复缓慢
(四)个别差异性大
(五)常为非典型症状
(六)水分、电解质异常,容易伴随相关精神症状
(七)容易出现药物不良反应
(八)社会环境对患者预后影响很大
二、生活习惯病及代谢综合征
(一)高血压
(二)动脉硬化
(三)缺血性心脏病
(四)脑血管病变
(五)糖尿病
(六)高血脂症
(七)肥胖症
(八)代谢综合征
(九)痛风
(十)黑性肿瘤
……
中国已步入老龄化社会,而且成为世界范围内拥有多认知障碍老年人的国家。这一涉及国计民生的严峻现实,已引起中国政府及相关机构与各社会团体的高度重视。认知障碍老年人多表现为痴呆及精神行为异常,不仅困扰正常家庭生活,甚至引发诸多社会矛盾,因此已成为制约我国生产力发展、羁绊奔向小康社会步伐的重要因素一。根据国际医药科技水平的现况,尚不能根治或逆转认知障碍老年人的病患,但如能采取科学的诊断及治疗方法,特别是给予专业的照护及管理措施,则有可能延缓病程的进展,改善惠者及家庭的生存状态,进而维系全社会的生活品质。照护认知障碍老年人是一个漫长而艰巨的系统工程,无论采用何种照护方式,如居家照护、社区照护以及机构照护等,均需要照护者及相关从业人员具备更多的职业素养、照护技能以及护理技巧,因此普及照护护理知识,培养合格的认知障碍老年人照护队伍就成为这一系统工程的关键一环。因为只有通过这些照护者年复一年、日复一日的努力实践,才能使认知障碍老年人以及他们的家庭维持正常及有尊严的生活状态。
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