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认知症照护:实践篇(上)
$50.07
随着我国老年人口数量的增加,认知症患者的人数也在不断增加。《老年照护系类丛书——认知症照护师篇》从认知症的基础信息开始介绍,逐渐引入总体照护原则和方法,再到具体的照护细节。让专业护理人员从浅显易懂但又科学丰富的语言和实例中,深入了解认知症这一疾病的特点和症状表现的独特性,掌握相应的科学应对知识和技能。
本书对认知症照护中具体的照护方法,以及有关实践照护中存在的各种重要课题进行讲解。在认知症照护对患者状况的评估、照护计划制定以及实施的整体过程中,作为照护人员需要掌握的照护理念、照护技术进行详细介绍。
本间昭,日本认知症照护学会前理事长,医师,认知症照护研究培训中心前主任
堀内蕗,佐久大学校长,老年看护学教授,日本老年看护学会前理事长
今井幸充,和光医院院长,医师,日本认知症照护学会前理事
章 认知症照护的观点和目标
节 认知症照护的观点
第二节认知症照护的目标一、老年人的生活质量
二、认知症患者的生活质量
三、认知症患者生活质量评估方法上的问题
四、评估认知症患者生活质量的一项尝试
第三节结语
第二章 沟通技巧
节 与认知症患者沟通:基本观点
第二节 沟通过程与各项要素
第三节 沟通的基础一、沟通过程的各项要素
(一)双向沟通 (二)传达渠道三、信息发布者与信息接收者
四、信息发布与信息接收
五、信息与反馈
六、环境
七、杂讯
第三节 与认知症患者沟通的技巧
一、认知症惠者沟通上的困难与长处(一)轻度认知症惠者的状况
(二)中度认知症惠者的状况
(三)重度认知症惠者的状况
二、基本的沟通技巧(一)开始沟通时,一定要做好必要准备
(二)要以书面方式传达信息时,必须确认对方有足以辨识书面文字的视力
(三)有必要接触惠者以协助集中注意力
(四)当轻度认知症惠者费力寻找词汇,或重复使用类似词汇时,我们应自问是否可以提供协助
(五)下列方法可弥补短期与长期记忆力
(六)下列方法可以弥补判断力与理解力的衰退
(七)以限度承受对方的情绪,以高度的同理心直接掌握超越语言能传达的想法与心情
二、不同病情程度的沟通技巧
(一)与轻度认知症患者的沟通
(二)与中度认知症惠者的沟通
(三)与重度认知症惠者的沟通
四、进阶沟通技巧
第四节沟通技巧训练
一、了解自己的沟通形态
二、了解自己心中的复杂思绪
中国已步入老龄化社会,而且成为世界范围内拥有多认知障碍老年人的国家。这一涉及国计民生的严峻现实,已引起中国政府及相关机构与各社会团体的高度重视。认知障碍老年人多表现为痴呆及精神行为异常,不仅困扰正常家庭生活,甚至引发诸多社会矛盾,因此已成为制约我国生产力发展、羁绊奔向小康社会步伐的重要因素一。根据国际医药科技水平的现况,尚不能根治或逆转认知障碍老年人的病患,但如能采取科学的诊断及治疗方法,特别是给予专业的照护及管理措施,则有可能延缓病程的进展,改善惠者及家庭的生存状态,进而维系全社会的生活品质。照护认知障碍老年人是一个漫长而艰巨的系统工程,无论采用何种照护方式,如居家照护、社区照护以及机构照护等,均需要照护者及相关从业人员具备更多的职业素养、照护技能以及护理技巧,因此普及照护护理知识,培养合格的认知障碍老年人照护队伍就成为这一系统工程的关键一环。因为只有通过这些照护者年复一年、日复一日的努力实践,才能使认知障碍老年人以及他们的家庭维持正常及有尊严的生活状态。
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