（自考）西方政治制度（全国高等教育自学考试指定教材；（含：西方政治制度自学考试大纲）（2023年版））
（自考）西方政治制度（全国高等教育自学考试指定教材；（含：西方政治制度自学考试大纲）（2023年版））
本教材以历史唯物主义的基本原理为指导，坚持实事求是，分析当代西方国家政治制度的基本特点及其形成和发展的规律。《西方政治制度》介绍了西方国家政治制度的历史演进、阶级性质、基本原则，以及西方国家的选举制度、政党制度、国家政权的组织形式、国家结构形式、国家机关的组织体系和运作机制等。有利于学生理解西方政治制度的本质和共同特点及其在主要西方国家各国国情条件下形成的国别特点。各章富有考核知识点、考核要求等，便于考生自学。在本版修订时又及时跟踪西方国家政治制度发展的最新动向，增补了西方国家政治制度的最新内容。
本教材以历史唯物主义的基本原理为指导，坚持实事求是，分析当代西方国家政治制度的基本特点及其形成和发展的规律。《西方政治制度》介绍了西方国家政治制度的历史演进、阶级性质、基本原则，以及西方国家的选举制度、政党制度、国家政权的组织形式、国家结构形式、国家机关的组织体系和运作机制等。有利于学生理解西方政治制度的本质和共同特点及其在主要西方国家各国国情条件下形成的国别特点。各章富有考核知识点、考核要求等，便于考生自学。在本版修订时又及时跟踪西方国家政治制度发展的最新动向，增补了西方国家政治制度的最新内容。
西方政治制度自学考试大纲
大纲前言…………………………………………………………………………………２
Ⅰ 课程性质与课程目标 …………………………………………………… …………３
Ⅱ 考核目标 …………………………………………………………………………… ５
Ⅲ 课程内容与考核要求 …………………………………………………………… ６
Ⅳ 相关说明与实施要求 …………………………………………………………… ２３
附录：题型举例 （参考样卷）……………………………………………………………２６
和文化背景下生长出来的。研究西方政治制度，了解其制度原理、机制和特征，首先需要弄清楚西方政治制度的历史源头和变迁。
第一节 古希腊城邦的政治制度
一、城邦的社会结构与政体形式
城邦 （ｃｉｔｙ？ｓｔａｔｅ）是人类进入文明社会后的初始阶段建立的一种小型的城市国家，以一个单独的城市为中心和周围乡村组成，小国寡民，自给自足，独立自治。城邦曾广泛地存在于世界各地。古代希腊人生活在以爱琴海为中心的广大地区，除了希腊半岛外，还包括爱琴海中的岛屿、克里特岛和小亚细亚半岛的西部海岸地带。大约在公元前８世纪，古希腊人开始进入文明社会，形成了众多的城邦 （ｐｏｌｉｓ），并在公元前８世纪至公元前４世纪的数百年达到鼎盛时期。古希腊人建立了二百多个城邦，其中最著名的也最具代表性的城邦有雅典、斯巴达、叙拉古等。
１．城邦的社会结构
奴隶制度是古代世界的一种普遍流行的制度，古希腊城邦也不例外。 “没有奴隶制，就没有希腊国家，就没有希腊的艺术和科学。”城邦的整个人口一般划分为具有不同政治地位和法律地位的三个主要阶级：奴隶、外邦人和公民。以雅典为例，公元前３６０年左右，雅典人口总数估计在４０万人，奴隶人口不少于２０万，自由人与奴隶的比例大约接近于１？１。不过，由于战争等原因，雅典总人口和奴隶人数也会有变化。② 奴隶处于社会底层，在城邦中毫无政治、法律地位。在古希腊人看来，奴隶只不过是一种会说话的生产工具而已。外邦人是古希腊城邦中的第二个主要集团。在雅典这样的商业城市里，外邦人的数量很大。外邦人和奴隶一样不能参与城市政治生活，但他们是自由人，对他们不存在任何社会歧视。公民是城邦的成员，而城邦就是一个公民的政治共同体。公民是指有资格参与城邦公共生活的人。 “凡有权参加议事和审判职能的人，我们就可说他是那一城邦的公民。”因此，公民概念的核心是权利，即参与城邦政治生活的权利。 “对于一个希腊人来说，公民资格始终意味着这样一种参与政治的权利，只不过参与的程度有所不同罢了。”
２．城邦政体形式的多样性
Shipping Overview:
• Free Shipping: We offer free shipping on most orders within the U.S. Certain items may require a shipping fee due to size or handling needs.
• Order Processing: Please allow 1-2 business days for order processing and preparation before shipment.
• Domestic Shipping: Orders within the U.S. are shipped via USPS or FedEx, depending on the origin of the product. The average transit time is 3-7 business days.
• International Shipping: Currently, we only ship within the USA.
• Tracking Information: Every order is trackable. You will receive a tracking number once your order has been shipped. Products may be shipped from various global fulfillment centers.
Shipping Delays:
Please note that shipping times may vary due to factors beyond our control, such as weather conditions, natural disasters, or peak holiday periods. While we strive to ensure timely delivery, the exact arrival time cannot be guaranteed and is managed by the shipping carrier.
Shipping Options:
-
Standard Delivery: Most orders are shipped within 3-7 business days. Larger items may utilize LTL shipping for safe handling.
-
Handling Time: We handle shipments on business days (Monday - Friday), with a preparation time of 1-2 days.
-
Additional Charges: Some items require additional shipping charges due to their size, weight, or special handling. These charges are specified on the product pages and are not eligible for shipping discounts.
-
Exclusions: Gift cards, packaging, taxes, and prior purchases do not count toward the minimum purchase requirement for free shipping. This offer is valid only for shipments to U.S. addresses, including Puerto Rico.
Delivery Details:
-
Estimates: Standard shipping within the US typically takes 3-7 business days. These are estimates and not guarantees.
-
Shipping Restrictions: We ship to all 50 states, Washington, DC, U.S. territories, and APO/FPO/DPO addresses. Shipping options vary based on the delivery address.
-
Remote Areas: Shipments to remote areas may incur additional charges or require pickup from a nearby shipping partner’s location.
Shipping Confirmation:
You will receive a shipping confirmation email with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched. If you do not receive this email immediately, please be assured that your items will arrive within the estimated delivery window provided at checkout.
Order Modifications:
If you need to cancel or modify your order, please contact our customer support immediately.
Issues with Delivery:
If your order shows as delivered but you have not received it, please contact the shipping carrier directly to resolve the issue. For persistent problems, contact our customer service at cs@everymarket.com.
Customer Support:
Our team is available 24/7 to assist you with any questions or concerns regarding your order. We are committed to ensuring a smooth shopping experience.
Return & Refund Policy Overview
Please review our return and refund policies below to ensure a smooth transaction process.
Return Policy
-
Duration: You have 30 days from receiving your item to initiate a return.
-
Condition: Items must be unworn, unwashed, with original tags and packaging intact.
-
Shipping Costs: Customers are responsible for return shipping costs.
-
Packaging: Ensure returned items are well-packaged to avoid damage during transit.
-
Tracking: Use a trackable and insured shipping method as we are not liable for items lost or damaged on return.
-
Initiating a Return: Contact us at cs@everymarket.com to start your return. We will provide a return shipping label and instructions upon approval. Returns without prior approval will not be accepted.
How to Return
-
Method: Returns must be sent back by mail to the address provided in the return instructions.
Return Label
-
Defective Products: Return labels are provided for defective items.
-
Non-Defective Returns: Customers are responsible for obtaining their return shipping label.
Product Conditions for Return
-
Eligible Products: Returns are only accepted for items in new condition.
Nonreturnable Items
Certain items are not eligible for return:
-
Electronic devices after 30 days (e.g., computers, laptops, Kindles)
-
Gift cards, prepaid game cards
-
Perishable goods, live insects, some jewelry, some health and personal care items
-
Customized or personalized products
-
Items with special shipping restrictions
Refund Policy
-
Window: Eligible products may be returned within 30 days of delivery for a refund.
-
Refund Method: Refunds are processed to the original payment method or as store credit for items purchased with gift cards.
-
Processing Time: Refunds are processed within 3-5 business days after we receive the return; please allow additional time for shipping and bank processing.
Claims
Inspect your order upon arrival and report any defects, damages, or incorrect items immediately to allow us to address the issue. For claims, contact our support team with details of the issue.
Exchange Policy
For the quickest service, return your original item and place a new order for the desired product once your return is accepted.
Return Address
EveryMarket Customer Service 2101 E Terra Ln, O'Fallon, MO 63366
Customer Support
Available 24/7 for any questions or assistance needed:
-
Phone: +1 636-312-5925
-
Email: cs@everymarket.com
本教材以历史唯物主义的基本原理为指导，坚持实事求是，分析当代西方国家政治制度的基本特点及其形成和发展的规律。《西方政治制度》介绍了西方国家政治制度的历史演进、阶级性质、基本原则，以及西方国家的选举制度、政党制度、国家政权的组织形式、国家结构形式、国家机关的组织体系和运作机制等。有利于学生理解西方政治制度的本质和共同特点及其在主要西方国家各国国情条件下形成的国别特点。各章富有考核知识点、考核要求等，便于考生自学。在本版修订时又及时跟踪西方国家政治制度发展的最新动向，增补了西方国家政治制度的最新内容。
西方政治制度自学考试大纲
大纲前言…………………………………………………………………………………２
Ⅰ 课程性质与课程目标 …………………………………………………… …………３
Ⅱ 考核目标 …………………………………………………………………………… ５
Ⅲ 课程内容与考核要求 …………………………………………………………… ６
Ⅳ 相关说明与实施要求 …………………………………………………………… ２３
附录：题型举例 （参考样卷）……………………………………………………………２６
和文化背景下生长出来的。研究西方政治制度，了解其制度原理、机制和特征，首先需要弄清楚西方政治制度的历史源头和变迁。
第一节 古希腊城邦的政治制度
一、城邦的社会结构与政体形式
城邦 （ｃｉｔｙ？ｓｔａｔｅ）是人类进入文明社会后的初始阶段建立的一种小型的城市国家，以一个单独的城市为中心和周围乡村组成，小国寡民，自给自足，独立自治。城邦曾广泛地存在于世界各地。古代希腊人生活在以爱琴海为中心的广大地区，除了希腊半岛外，还包括爱琴海中的岛屿、克里特岛和小亚细亚半岛的西部海岸地带。大约在公元前８世纪，古希腊人开始进入文明社会，形成了众多的城邦 （ｐｏｌｉｓ），并在公元前８世纪至公元前４世纪的数百年达到鼎盛时期。古希腊人建立了二百多个城邦，其中最著名的也最具代表性的城邦有雅典、斯巴达、叙拉古等。
１．城邦的社会结构
奴隶制度是古代世界的一种普遍流行的制度，古希腊城邦也不例外。 “没有奴隶制，就没有希腊国家，就没有希腊的艺术和科学。”城邦的整个人口一般划分为具有不同政治地位和法律地位的三个主要阶级：奴隶、外邦人和公民。以雅典为例，公元前３６０年左右，雅典人口总数估计在４０万人，奴隶人口不少于２０万，自由人与奴隶的比例大约接近于１？１。不过，由于战争等原因，雅典总人口和奴隶人数也会有变化。② 奴隶处于社会底层，在城邦中毫无政治、法律地位。在古希腊人看来，奴隶只不过是一种会说话的生产工具而已。外邦人是古希腊城邦中的第二个主要集团。在雅典这样的商业城市里，外邦人的数量很大。外邦人和奴隶一样不能参与城市政治生活，但他们是自由人，对他们不存在任何社会歧视。公民是城邦的成员，而城邦就是一个公民的政治共同体。公民是指有资格参与城邦公共生活的人。 “凡有权参加议事和审判职能的人，我们就可说他是那一城邦的公民。”因此，公民概念的核心是权利，即参与城邦政治生活的权利。 “对于一个希腊人来说，公民资格始终意味着这样一种参与政治的权利，只不过参与的程度有所不同罢了。”
２．城邦政体形式的多样性
Shipping Overview:
• Free Shipping: We offer free shipping on most orders within the U.S. Certain items may require a shipping fee due to size or handling needs.
• Order Processing: Please allow 1-2 business days for order processing and preparation before shipment.
• Domestic Shipping: Orders within the U.S. are shipped via USPS or FedEx, depending on the origin of the product. The average transit time is 3-7 business days.
• International Shipping: Currently, we only ship within the USA.
• Tracking Information: Every order is trackable. You will receive a tracking number once your order has been shipped. Products may be shipped from various global fulfillment centers.
Shipping Delays:
Please note that shipping times may vary due to factors beyond our control, such as weather conditions, natural disasters, or peak holiday periods. While we strive to ensure timely delivery, the exact arrival time cannot be guaranteed and is managed by the shipping carrier.
Shipping Options:
-
Standard Delivery: Most orders are shipped within 3-7 business days. Larger items may utilize LTL shipping for safe handling.
-
Handling Time: We handle shipments on business days (Monday - Friday), with a preparation time of 1-2 days.
-
Additional Charges: Some items require additional shipping charges due to their size, weight, or special handling. These charges are specified on the product pages and are not eligible for shipping discounts.
-
Exclusions: Gift cards, packaging, taxes, and prior purchases do not count toward the minimum purchase requirement for free shipping. This offer is valid only for shipments to U.S. addresses, including Puerto Rico.
Delivery Details:
-
Estimates: Standard shipping within the US typically takes 3-7 business days. These are estimates and not guarantees.
-
Shipping Restrictions: We ship to all 50 states, Washington, DC, U.S. territories, and APO/FPO/DPO addresses. Shipping options vary based on the delivery address.
-
Remote Areas: Shipments to remote areas may incur additional charges or require pickup from a nearby shipping partner’s location.
Shipping Confirmation:
You will receive a shipping confirmation email with a tracking number as soon as your order is dispatched. If you do not receive this email immediately, please be assured that your items will arrive within the estimated delivery window provided at checkout.
Order Modifications:
If you need to cancel or modify your order, please contact our customer support immediately.
Issues with Delivery:
If your order shows as delivered but you have not received it, please contact the shipping carrier directly to resolve the issue. For persistent problems, contact our customer service at cs@everymarket.com.
Customer Support:
Our team is available 24/7 to assist you with any questions or concerns regarding your order. We are committed to ensuring a smooth shopping experience.
Return & Refund Policy Overview
Please review our return and refund policies below to ensure a smooth transaction process.
Return Policy
-
Duration: You have 30 days from receiving your item to initiate a return.
-
Condition: Items must be unworn, unwashed, with original tags and packaging intact.
-
Shipping Costs: Customers are responsible for return shipping costs.
-
Packaging: Ensure returned items are well-packaged to avoid damage during transit.
-
Tracking: Use a trackable and insured shipping method as we are not liable for items lost or damaged on return.
-
Initiating a Return: Contact us at cs@everymarket.com to start your return. We will provide a return shipping label and instructions upon approval. Returns without prior approval will not be accepted.
How to Return
-
Method: Returns must be sent back by mail to the address provided in the return instructions.
Return Label
-
Defective Products: Return labels are provided for defective items.
-
Non-Defective Returns: Customers are responsible for obtaining their return shipping label.
Product Conditions for Return
-
Eligible Products: Returns are only accepted for items in new condition.
Nonreturnable Items
Certain items are not eligible for return:
-
Electronic devices after 30 days (e.g., computers, laptops, Kindles)
-
Gift cards, prepaid game cards
-
Perishable goods, live insects, some jewelry, some health and personal care items
-
Customized or personalized products
-
Items with special shipping restrictions
Refund Policy
-
Window: Eligible products may be returned within 30 days of delivery for a refund.
-
Refund Method: Refunds are processed to the original payment method or as store credit for items purchased with gift cards.
-
Processing Time: Refunds are processed within 3-5 business days after we receive the return; please allow additional time for shipping and bank processing.
Claims
Inspect your order upon arrival and report any defects, damages, or incorrect items immediately to allow us to address the issue. For claims, contact our support team with details of the issue.
Exchange Policy
For the quickest service, return your original item and place a new order for the desired product once your return is accepted.
Return Address
EveryMarket Customer Service 2101 E Terra Ln, O'Fallon, MO 63366
Customer Support
Available 24/7 for any questions or assistance needed:
-
Phone: +1 636-312-5925
-
Email: cs@everymarket.com
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