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类经(全二册)
$51.72
张景岳(1563-1640年),名介宾,字惠卿,号景岳,明末会稽(今浙江绍兴)人,是温补学派的代表人物。张景岳生于官宦之家,自幼聪颖,少时...
张景岳(1563-1640年),名介宾,字惠卿,号景岳,明末会稽(今浙江绍兴)人,是温补学派的代表人物。张景岳生于官宦之家,自幼聪颖,少时便博览群书,诸子百家无不通晓。十四岁时从父进京,师从于当时的名医金英。青年时性格豪放,交游广阔。壮岁从军,足迹遍布河南、河北、东北等地区。五十余岁时,返回乡里,专心于医学理论的研究。张景岳医术精湛,“时人比之仲景、东垣”。
《类经》是明代大医学家张景岳注释《黄帝内经》的一部经典之作。原书共计三十二卷,分为十二类,三百九十节,成书于天启四年(1624年)。全书将《灵枢》《素问》合为一书,按摄生、阴阳、藏象、脉色、经络、标本、气味、论治、疾病、针刺、运气、会通等十二类重新分类编注,使得《内经》原文条理分明,纲目并举,令人“一展卷而重门洞开,秋毫在目”。《类经》在编写过程中敢于突破旧制,理论上多有创见,是一部学习《内经》的重要参考书。
本次整理出版的《类经》,以明代金阊童涌泉刻本为底本。整理过程中,以保持原本原貌为原则,对原书不删节,不改动。原书繁体竖排,现改为简体横排,并加现代标点,方便当今读者阅读。
合天地人,性命为重。命从谁生?生命者,曰父,曰母。命从谁司?司命者,曰君,曰相,曰师。司命者,谁为之总?总君父师,相之权者,曰医。上古时神农、黄帝君而医,岐伯诸公师而医,实首于伏羲。羲惧天下后世离天地人而二之也,首立一画以为天地人之总,仲尼名之为太极。太极者,天地人之心也,即所谓性命也。由一心而生八卦,复生六十四卦,列三百八十四画,而世人之病,病在于三百八十四画中求活计,而不知一画为总,此羲之所以医千万世之病原也。自是神农有《本草经》,轩岐有《灵》《素》经,两大经出而言医者咸宗之。顾易卦有文王、周公、孔子三大圣人为之羽翼,然後易义昭明于天地,而《灵》《素》之后无能羽翼之者。自秦越人以下,世称神医,而实非文王、周公、孔子之偶,况如王太仆之俦乎?今略举其大者,如:三焦胞络本有形也,而二十五难以为无形,两肾皆藏也,而三十六难以右肾为藏精系胞之命门,头为诸经之会也,而四十七难以为诸阳之会,此秦越人之与《内经》左也。君火以明,相火以位,而王注改明为名,是君火第有空名而都无真明也,此王太仆之与《内经》左也。夫曰难曰注而失有如是,轩岐再起,其谓之何?此吾友张景岳所以慨然而叹,毅然而起,直以发明《内经》为己任也。
景岳,名介宾,字会卿,为会稽之杰士。幼禀明慧,自六经以及诸子家无不考镜,而从其尊人寿峰公之教,得观《内经》,遂确然深信,以为天地人之理尽备于此,此即所为伏羲之易也。于是出而治世之病,一以《内经》为主,小试则小效,大试则大,无所不试则无所不效,而医林之诸子百家咸听吾所用,而不为诸子百家所用。如关格之脉,本以人迎气口辨阴阳之否绝,而仲景祖《难经》之说,云在尺为关,在寸为格,关则不得小便,格则吐逆,遂致后世误传,此则用仲景而不为仲景用也。上以候上,下以候下,此藏气脉候之正理,而《脉经》以小肠、大肠附配两寸,藏象岂容颠倒乎?人迎系阳明之府脉,气口系太阴之藏脉,而《脉经》以左为人迎,右为气口,以左候表,以右修里,表里岂容混乱乎?此则用叔和而不为叔和用也。病机十九条,此明五藏六气病化所属之本,非皆言其太过也,而《原病式》尽以有余为训,则不足之候,何以能堪?此则用河间而不为河间用也。至阴虚天气绝,至阳盛地气不足,此明阴阳不交之败乱也,而丹溪引之,以证阳道实、阴道虚,而谓阳常有余,阴常不足,斲伐生机,莫此为甚,此则用丹溪而不为丹溪用也。脉有更代,是名代脉,自仲景以中止为代,而后世述之,是脉代之不明也,至今日而明矣。《伤寒》本传十二经,自刘草窗有传足不传手之说,而诸家宗之,是传经之不明也,至今日而明矣。凡皆景岳之主持《内经》,运用诸子,轩岐之后,文不在兹乎?犹恐《内经》资其自用而不能与天下共用,遂乃著而为《类经》:一曰摄生,二曰阴阳,三曰藏象,四曰脉色,五曰经络,六曰标本,七曰气味,八曰论治,九曰疾病,十曰针刺,十一曰运气,十二曰会通,共三十二卷,犁为三百九十条。更益以图翼十一卷,附翼四卷。观其运气诸图注,则天道可悉诸掌;观其经络诸布置,则藏象可洞其垣;观其治法之玄机,则见之诸条详按。凡其辨疑发隐,补缺正讹,别精气,析神明,分真假,知先后,察气数初中之妙,审阴阳阖辟之机,原始要终,因常知变,靡不殚精极微,秋毫无漏。此书一出,当使《灵》《素》与羲《易》并行,其有功于轩岐大矣。要之,此书不但有功于轩岐,而并有功于羲《易》。景岳于《内经》外,更作《医易》等篇。余尝观邵子之圆图、方图,多所未白,得景岳之图解,而了然无疑也。孰知此《类经》者,合羲《易》与《内经》,而两相发明哉!
余初与景岳交,自癸卯岁始。余以苦心诵著,耗脾家之思虑,兼耗肾家之伎巧,于是病泄泻者二十年,医家咸以为火盛,而景岳独以为火衰,遂用参术桂附之剂,培命门之火,而吠者竞起,余独坚信不固,服之五年而不辍,竟使前病全瘥,而脾肾还元。余之敢于多服者,胆力之决断也;景岳之敢于多用者,识力之明透也。非景岳不能有此识,非余不能有此胆,余两人之相与亦奇矣。余既受景岳之赐,因问景岳何以及此,则归功于《内经》。因是每持《内经》相与谈论,余才得其皮毛,而景岳已得其精髓。景岳谓余将注《内经》,为世人式。余喜之甚,从臾成之。及余官汴梁,又迎景岳治余母太安人,延寿者八载,时《类经》尚未竣也。余自江右参藩归家十余年,而景岳亦自长安归家,特从会稽过縠水,见余于峥嵘山下,曰:《类经》成矣。余得而读之,一读一踊跃,再读再踊跃,即请付之梓,而景岳犹虑识者寡也。余曰:太阳未出,爝火生明;太阳一出,孤灯失照。向日之《内经》不明,而诸家横出,灯之光也;今《类经》一出,太阳中天而灯失色矣。人情不甚相远,既能见灯,岂不见日,景岳又何虑焉?于是意决,将付之梓,而请余为序。
夫景岳之妙旨,载在《类经》,不待余序。余所序者,谓其注《内经》,而并著《医易》。世之能注《易》者不出于程朱,能注《内经》者不出于秦越人、王太仆。景岳一人,却并程朱秦王之四人合为一人,而直接羲黄之脉于千古之上,恐非程朱秦王所能驾也。今程氏《易传》,朱氏《本义》,业遍天下,家传户诵,而张氏之《类经》,非特医家所当传习,儒者尤当服膺,自今以后,家传户诵。景岳之造福于天下者不小,而造福于千万世者胡可量哉!余获此编,大喜大快,冀速其传,遂为序之,而赞其刻之。
时皇明天启四载,岁在甲子,阳月上浣,赐进士第,湖广按察司副使,分守荆西道,前奉敕提督河南学政,江西布政使司右参政,分巡南瑞道,通家友弟叶秉敬顿首拜撰。
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