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科技史笔记·原子之能(全彩)
$49.58
1.这本书是一个理工男对于科学技术史的细节和发展逻辑的追问。2.在学校的课本中,知识往往以结论的形式给出,这种方式富有效率,但却难以引起共鸣,以至于我们对“革命”、“伟大”等字眼视而不见。正如每一个精彩故事的高潮都有漫长的铺垫,一个理论或者技术的诞生也是如此。3.只有补完缺失的细节,看到“完成品”之前无数的“半成品”甚至“废品”,我们才能进入探索者的内心,感受困惑、挫败、顿悟以及喜悦,并真正理解发现的伟大意义。而踏上这个心路历程的最好方法,莫过于追问。4.本书正文中每个章节主题都是以追问的方式展开。
一部知识性、可读性极强的科技史科普读物。作者从科学原理和技术应用两条主线出发,按照时间轴为读者梳理出科技史阶梯式发展的演进路径。为了帮助读者更好地理解相对深奥的科学公式和原理,作者引用了大量历史文献中的科技图片,并绘制了大量原理示意图。本书知识性、故事性叙述方式,能让读者在阅读中学习到硬核的物理学,尤其是核能的科普知识,能够更加深刻理解众多名不见经传的科学家为推动科技进步付出的艰辛努力和科技史里程碑事件的前因后果。
张皓 清华大学硕士毕业 高级工程师。目前就职于中交路桥建设有限公司,对科学技术发展史兴趣浓厚,查阅翻译了大量关于科技发展史的相关研究文献资料,撰写了大量的研究笔记。
第1章 原子的破碎 1.1 白炽发光改变了世界,“老前辈”气体放电为何依然是“奇技淫巧”? 1.2 从绝缘到导电,气体在真空管中的转变为何难住剑桥教授? 1.3 看不见的射线,伦琴是如何获得第一个诺贝尔奖发现的? 1.4 粒子与波的争论,JJ.汤姆逊是如何验证阴极射线本质的? 1.5 第一个基本粒子登场,为何唯有电子可以解释真空管中的一切? 第2章 衰变之谜 2.1 偶然中的必然,一次阴天是如何成就放射性的发现的? 2.2 两摘诺贝尔奖,居里夫人具体做了什么工作? 2.3 铀射线并不单纯,新西兰小伙是如何用实验巧分三种成分的? 2.4 元素嬗变,半衰期为何被称为“原子身份证”? 2.5 “小推论”终结大危机,放射性的巨大能量到底来自何处? 2.6 “卢瑟福实验”并非卢瑟福操刀,幕后英雄究竟是谁? 2.7 “李子布丁”模型也能解释大角度散射,为何原子必须有核? 第3章 第一把钥匙 3.1 皇帝的新衣,卢瑟福凭什么大胆预言原子核中存在中性粒子? 3.2 枯燥中的浪漫,早期的核物理实验竟然是用肉眼观测的! 3.3 新理论的威力,量子力学是如何破解势垒穿透难题的? 3.4 不可能完成的任务,盖革计数器是如何助力搜寻神秘中子的? 3.5 第一把钥匙,居里夫人的女儿为何错失诺贝尔奖?查德威克又是如何证明中子存在的? 3.6 人造原子,为何核物理需要粒子加速器? 3.7 一直一曲,大科学初次登场表现如何? 3.8 另辟蹊径,“新炮弹”是如何帮助费米成为核物理“教皇”的? 第4章 第二把钥匙 4.1 “超铀元素”,铀核裂变为何让顶尖学者理解不了? 4.2 液滴模型,迈特纳是如何用经典理论解释最新核反应的? 4.3 百万倍煤炭,核物理大师为何不看好原子能? 4.4 第二把钥匙,为什么说链式反应是利用原子能的关键? 4.5 铀-238和铀-235,“孪生兄弟”为何脾气迥异? 4.6 没有巧妙解法的难题,同位素的分离为何这么难? 第5章 反应堆的诞生 5.1 临界质量,自持链式反应是如何从可能到可行的? 5.2 真超铀元素,“冥王星”原子是怎么被制造出来的? 5.3 中子慢化,如何利用天然铀进行链式反应? 5.4 反应堆为什么叫“堆”,它又是如何做到可控的? 5.5 核物理炼金术,反应堆一开始并非用于发电,它的真正产品是什么? 第6章 原子弹的制造 6.1 自发裂变,枪式装配为何不适用于钚弹? 6.2 炸药透镜,内爆法是如何拯救钚弹危机的? 6.3 从回旋加速器到“跑道”,电磁分离工厂竟然使用国库白银做导线! 6.4 曼哈顿计划造价第一高,气体扩散工厂是如何实现铀浓缩的? 6.5 原子弹制造的“21条军规”,《洛斯阿拉莫斯入门手册》到底写了什么? 6.6 核火球有多亮?蘑菇云又是怎么形成的? 第7章 铸剑为犁 7.1 加压止沸,第一座压水堆是为谁量身打造的? 7.2 从潜艇到电站,压水堆都有哪些不可或缺的组件? 7.3 核能究竟是什么能,“压水堆”“重水堆”等反应堆的名字又是怎么起的? 后记
当谈论原子能时,我们往往会想到核武器与核能发电厂。但实际上,原子能的历史和应用远不止于此。《科技史笔记·原子之能》通过深入浅出的方式,带领读者了解人类发现、研究和应用原子能的历程,最后还探讨了原子能对人类社会的影响。如果你对科技发展或能源问题有所关注,那么这本书绝对值得一读!苟利军——中国科学院大学教授,就职于中国科学院国家天文台,《中国国家天文》杂志执行总编
德谟克利特曾经主张,万物的本原是原子和虚空。而人类对原子本质的认识也经历了一个跌宕起伏的过程,期间有剑走偏锋,也有柳暗花明。那么原子中为何会蕴藏着巨大能量?这本书会给你一个答案。王大鹏——中国科普研究所副研究员,中国科普作家协会理事
原子能是目前人类掌握的效率最高,也是破坏力最为强大的能源。人类对于原子能的利用来源于人类对物质本质的不断探索。随着对微观世界认知的逐步深入,我们一点点地揭开了物质世界基本单元的神秘面纱。这套《科技史笔记》是以一位工程师的视角,讲述了人类是如何利用科技征服自然的旅程。然而这不仅是人类在工业上的一次次革命,更是人类在探索自然的道路上取得的一次次突破。尔欣中——博士生导师,就职于云南大学中国西南天文研究所,主要研究方向为宇宙学。业余时间从事科普书籍翻译,主要参与翻译的作品有《星际穿越》《一想到还有95%的问题留给人类,我就放心了》《那些古怪又让人忧心的问题又来了》等。
在大多数人的印象中,核能是作为武器登上历史舞台的,这给人们接受核能带来了困难。但技术的用途和性质是由使用者决定的,核潜艇的动力之心就在上世纪50年代被成功地移植进核电站。今天在碳达峰、碳中和的背景下,以清洁低碳能源为主的新能源体系结构中,核能是可以替代化石能源的基础能源,将与水、风、光等可再生清洁能源共同实现协同可持续发展。更重要的是,核能作为稳定、高效、全天候清洁能源,是世界大国保障能源安全的重要手段。此外,核技术应用的空间非常巨大,核反应堆产生的放射性核素更是现代医疗的bi备工具。本书科学、系统、生动地向大家展示了核能,希望大家看过此书后能了解核能,正确认识核能。陆斌—— 任职于中核集团中国核电工程有限公司,高级工程师,参加中国自主三代核电堆型“华龙一号”研发设计,多次获得核能行业协会和中核集团科技进步奖
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