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环境设计手绘表现
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从零基础到手绘表现高手。紧抓手绘难点,剖析手绘重点;探秘设计思维,详解训练方法;环环相扣的系统性训练课题,助力初学者快速提高手绘功底。
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《环境设计手绘表现》针对高校环境设计专业手绘表现课程。本书的内容既涵盖了教师教学的原则、方法、课程设置建议等,也涵盖了学生学习的方法、作业练习等,读者对象包括教师和学生,兼具教师用书和学生用书的功能。《环境设计手绘表现》的主要内容包括手绘表现的基础知识(包括透视、构图、线条、色彩),手绘表现在不同设计中的具体运用,特别是关于如何将设计思路落实表达(从概念到手绘图纸)的部分,是本书的特色之一。此外,还介绍了不同手绘表现的风格形式、技巧,以及在不同项目中的应用。特别是手绘与计算机软件的结合,也是本书的创新之处。
蔡燕婕,毕业于上海大学美术学院,获硕士学位。现任上海建桥学院艺术设计学院环境艺术设计系讲师,研究方向为景观艺术设计。
章 初步认识手绘表现 / 1手绘在环境设计中的作用 / 2不同设计阶段的手绘表现形式 / 3多样的手绘风格 / 4手绘表现的学习要点 / 7课题练习:手绘日记 / 9第二章 手绘表现的基础知识 / 21透视的原理 / 22课题练习:一个空间,不同视高,不同角度透视 / 26构图的组织 / 29线条的表现 / 34课题练习:同一设计图,不同风格线条的表达 / 40配色的技巧 / 44课题练习:空间色调练习——同一线稿,不同色彩,不同工具 / 52电脑的介入 / 55第三章 设计思路的表达 / 69思维演绎——方案探索阶段的手绘表达 / 70研究先行——分析型图纸的表达 / 76课题练习:室内空间实地勘察及分析图绘制 / 81第四章 室内手绘表现 / 83室内元素的表达 / 84室内平、立面的基本作图要求 / 90课题练习一:室内平面图临摹及上色练习 / 94课题练习二:平面图翻立面图及空间透视图 / 96课题练习三:经典项目调研及手绘分析 / 102室内手绘快题案例 / 104第五章 景观手绘表现 / 111景观元素的表达 / 112景观平面图及效果图 / 122课题练习一:平面图翻空间透视图 / 124课题练习二:项目实地测绘及手绘分析 / 128景观手绘快题案例 / 129后记 / 140
在我国高校中,手绘表现是环境设计专业的必修课程,是在大学一年级开设的课程。其在每所学校的课程名称可能略有不同,但教授的内容大体相仿。该课程的设立旨在为学生打下坚实的手绘基础,为后续的设计课做铺垫,为学生日后进入职场、成为设计师做准备。本书是手绘表现课程的配套教材,内容涵盖了手绘原理和方法,其目标是培养学生的空间认知能力和初步设计能力,使学生掌握平面及空间的手绘表现技法,为后续课程打下良好基础。本书的编写有以下 3 个方面的特点:1. 紧抓手绘教学的难点——设计思维的训练由于手绘课程一般设置在低年级,学生刚从“素描、色彩、速写”的高考模式中走过来,对于设计一无所知,手绘课程就如同一座桥梁,搭起了绘画与设计的关系。在该课程中,学生不仅能学习手绘的技法,也能初探设计,了解手绘在设计中的作用。然而,以往一些传统的手绘课程偏向手绘效果图训练,致使学生将手绘等同于效果图绘制,从而错误认知手绘真正的意义。因此,本书的编写涉及思维训练,展示不同设计阶段手绘的意义,也让学生了解手绘在整个设计过程中各阶段的不同作用并进行各种类型的训练。当然,初学者对设计可能不会有深刻体会,但开拓学生的眼界、树立正确的观念十分必要。2. 解析手绘教学的重点——透视、线条、色彩(1)透视:透视教学能培养学生从感性的空间感觉到理性的空间认知,因此透视是手绘教学的重中之重。透视学习的关键不仅在于临摹和作图画法,还在于能将脑中的三维空间准确无误地绘制在二维图纸上,确定好各种形体的具体位置和相应尺度。本书涵盖透视原理及一系列强化训练,让不同基础的学生都能掌握好“透视”这一手绘门槛。(2)线条:线条是学好手绘的关键,每个设计师的线条也代表了他自身的个性,但线条学习需要一个漫长的过程,并非完成一个课程便能解决。因此,本书安排了一些长期作业,例如“每日手绘日记”,让学生在长期的学习过程中得到锻炼。只有通过长期的训练,学生才能将线条画“准”、画“稳”,表达出内心所思,并使线条充满美感。(3)色彩:快速着色表现是环境设计手绘表现的关键。有许多学生着色太注重质感纹理、投影和反光的处理,导致耗费大量时间绘图。太过于写实的手绘是毫无意义的炫技。本书在色彩章节强调手绘表达的终极目标是服务于设计,要把设计手绘和纯艺术区分开来。3. 科学训练方法的运用——系列性的课题实战(1)环环相扣的基础性训练十分关键:临摹是传统手绘课程教学的主要训练手段,但是单纯的临摹训练并不能提升设计思维和手绘能力的实战运用能力。本书的前三个章节都设置了一系列小型课题练习,这些环环相扣的练习都是针对手绘的基础能力,如透视、构图、线条、色彩等。(2)加强平面图翻透视图的练习很重要:本书后两个章节都有平面图转换为透视图的训练,这是手绘教学的一个重点。教师在教学过程中提供平面图,让学生进行临摹,在临摹过程中使学生理解制图原理,随后让学生选择多个角度、运用相关的基础知识来绘制透视图。多次进行这样的练习,有助于训练学生的空间设计思维和平面转换空间的能力。平面图翻透视图是难度较大的一项练习,这其实已经向设计课程迈进了一大步。在训练过程中,鼓励学生尝试多种风格和材料,创新绘图技法。(3)手绘和电脑软件的结合练习:手绘与电脑软件结合是本书的另一个重要内容,包括“先手绘后电脑”和“先电脑后手绘”两种方式。这需要学生有一定的软件基础,例如 Photoshop、AutoCAD、Sketchup 等。因此,这个部分内容可以安排在手绘课程上,也可以安排在软件课程上,具体情况依据每所学校课程的先后次序而定。总之,手绘是设计师进行设计思维记录、设计方案沟通与表达的一个过程。它是一种载体,服务于设计。本书的目的在于让学生明白手绘在设计中的作用和定位,掌握科学的学习方法,达到事半功倍的学习效果。
编 者2020 年 5 月于上海建桥学院
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