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治愈的屠宰:外科手术往事
$35.73
◎揭秘外科手术的往事:借麻醉止痛肆意“屠宰”,医患与天赌命。
1846年12月,著名外科医生罗伯特·利斯顿在英国成功施行首例乙醚麻醉截肢手术,至此,自古以来“外科手术三大难题”中的出血、疼痛已解决。但在那个没有“消毒”概念的时代,医疗环境肮脏不已,坏疽、败血症、丹毒在医院肆虐,病人死亡率居高不下,医生们对此一筹莫展。救人性命的手术如一场“屠宰”,也是医生和患者与命运的一场赌注。
◎攻克术后感染的医学史:奠定外科医学的里程碑,手术死亡率急转直下。
不同于已经习惯高发的术后感染与高手术死亡率的同行医生,约瑟夫·李斯特无法接受这一宿命论。同情与悲悯的情怀激励他在困境中坚持探索,受路易斯·巴斯德提出的“微生物致病学说”的启发,李斯特尝试选择石炭酸作为消毒剂,在一位被马车轧断腿的11岁男孩身上,他的试验获得了成功。李斯特不断改进消毒术,于1867年在《柳叶刀》上发表论文。这种消毒手术的方式,奠定了外科无菌手术的雏形,自此,术后感染而造成的死亡率大大降低,外科手术也真正成为具有治愈意义的操作,从而拯救更多生命。
◎ 困境后见证的曙光:李施德林漱口水的起源,促成无菌手术用品诞生。
在质疑和批评中,无菌手术凭着不争的事实——降低术后感染率与死亡率,终逐渐被大部分医生接受。李斯特利用消毒术成功为英国女王治疗脓肿,他的知名度也随之提升,随后前往各地演讲。他的演讲对许多人产生了启发,劳伦斯制造了一款手术用消毒剂,这就是李施德林漱口水代产品;罗伯特与他两个弟弟制造了批批量生产的无菌手术绷带和手术缝合线。人们对清洁消毒的意识逐渐提升,越来越多的清洁用品走入公众的生活。
1846年 12月,在医学生和好奇观众的见证下,著名外科医生罗伯特·利斯顿成功施行英国首例乙醚麻醉截肢手术。至此,自古以来“外科手术三大难题”中的出血、疼痛已解决,只剩后一项:术后感染问题。在那个没有“消毒”概念的年代,从手术器械到医生们的服装,一切都肮脏不已;坏疽、败血症、丹毒在医院肆虐,病人死亡率居高不下;医生们对此一筹莫展,消极地认为只能听天由命。在这外科学的至暗时刻,低调的主角登场了:约瑟夫·李斯特——虔诚的贵格会教徒,从小玩显微镜的天才科学家,以及,伦敦大学学院医学生……
本书将带你回到 19 世纪下半叶的英国,认识参与了这段惊心动魄的外科学历史的医学先驱、罪犯和普通百姓,并参观笼罩在死亡阴影中的手术室、解剖室和墓地。
琳赛·菲茨哈里斯,牛津大学科学与医学史博士,畅销作家、电视节目主持人。处女作《治愈的屠宰》获得2018年美国笔会E.O.威尔逊科学文学写作奖,并被翻译成20种语言。菲茨哈里斯博士定期为各种杂志撰稿,包括《柳叶刀》《华尔街日报》《科学美国人》《卫报》《新科学家》。她在史密森频道的全新电视节目《离奇的生与死》于2020年开播,探索了历史上一些神秘的死亡。
序幕 极度痛苦的年代 1
第 1 章 透过显微镜 19
第 2 章 死亡之家 39
第 3 章 被缝合的肠道 61
第 4 章 科学圣坛 77
第 5 章 手术界的拿破仑 97
第 6 章 青蛙的腿 119
第 7 章 清洁与冷水 139
第 8 章 他们都死了 161
第 9 章 风暴 183
第 10 章 玻璃花园 199
第 11 章 为女王治疗脓肿 221
尾声 愚昧的帘幕被掀开了 243
注 释 253
致 谢 275
出版后记 279
媒体推荐
1.亚马逊8分,goodreads 4.3分。读者评论精选:
2. 名人推荐:
《出版人周刊》2017年秋季科学类图书TOP10
《卫报》2017年历史类图书
2018年美国笔会E. O. 威尔逊科学文学写作奖
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