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护理伦理学
$30.11
护理学是医学的重要组成部分。新编写的教材紧紧围绕*规定的护理学本科医学学士学位学生的培养目标、规格及护理专业教学大纲。力求贯彻“以整体人的健康为中心”的护理理念和作为护理实践框架结构的护理程序。涵盖相关的社会科学、人文科学、心理学和管理学的内容。本套教材可供高等护理专业本科学生、专升本学生使用,也可供各层次护理教学及临床护理工作者参考使用。
章 绪论节 护理伦理学的基本范畴与主要内容第二节 以问题为基础的教学法在护理伦理学课程中的应用第二章 护理伦理学的理论基础节 美德论第二节 义务论第三节 效果论第三章 护理伦理学基本原则节 有关生命伦理学基本原则的主要观点第二节 尊重原则第三节 不伤害原则、有利原则和公正原则第四节 护理伦理基本原则的冲突与选择第五节 护理伦理基本准则在临床实践中的应用第四章 护理中的人际关系及道德规范节 护患关系及其道德规范第二节 护患双方的权利和义务第三节 医护之间的关系及其伦理规范第四节 社区护士的角色与伦理责任第五章 护理伦理决策节 护理伦理决策的概念及方式第二节 护理伦理决策的程序第六章 人类辅助生殖技术的伦理问题节 人类辅助生殖技术及其发展现状第二节 人类辅助生殖技术面临的伦理问题第三节 人类辅助生殖技术的伦理原则与规范第七章 器官移植面临的伦理问题节 器官移植及其发展现状第二节 器官移植面临的伦理问题第三节 开展器官移植技术的伦理原则与规范第八章 安乐死及其伦理争议节 安乐死及其推行概况第二节 安乐死的伦理争议第九章 临终关怀的伦理意义节 临终关怀的历史和发展第二节 临终关怀的含义和特点第三节 临终关怀的伦理意义第四节 临终关怀所存在的问题与挑战参考文献
章 绪论 节 护理伦理学的基本范畴与主要内容一、伦理与道德像几何学研究几何、心理学研究心理一样,简单地说,伦理学是一门研究伦理的学科。一般的教科书常常对伦理学作出这样的定义:伦理学就是研究道德的学科,伦理学的研究对象就是道德。伦理与道德是伦理学的两个基本的概念,也是容易混同的概念。从一般日常使用上讲,“道德”与“伦理”这两个概念,无论是在中文里面,还是在西方语言中,并不做很严格的区分,它们都是对人们行为的对错、个体品质的善恶乃至生活方式、生命意义的一种判断和表达,伦理学也就是关于这些问题所进行的反思。因此,人们一般认为。·伦理”和“道德”这两个概念大致相同,甚至经常可以互换使用。但是,无论在日常用法还是在其语源学上,如果认真观察,两者仍然会有一些差别。比如说,在我们日常生活中如果某个人品德高尚、人品良好、行为端正,我们常说是这个人“有道德”,而不是说t。有伦理”。而在谈论人和人之间的关系的时候,我们常说是“伦理关系”,而不是“道德关系”。而在中国古代,“伦理”一词往往和人伦、伦常、纲常、仁义、天理这样的含义联系在一起;而“道德”则更经常关涉到仁爱、德性、心性等基本含义。直到近代,“伦理”和道德”才成为基本的伦理学概念,并分别和英文中的词有了约定俗成的对应联系。如,·!伦理”的英文对应词是“ethics”;“道德”是“morality”。“ethics”源自希腊文“ethos”一词,本意是“风俗”、“习惯”。亚里士多德是西方个在严格意义上使用“ethics”(伦理学)的人。他著有《尼各马可伦理学》一书,由此,伦理学才成为一门有系统理论的独立学科。所谓伦理,是指人与人之间的客观关系。按照东汉经学家郑玄在为《孟子》作注时所说,伦即序,也就是秩序、序次。但这一序次并非什么一般的关系,而是。。识人事之序”,是“从人从仑”,“仑者辈也之序”。可见,伦理中的“伦”是指对人与人关系的一种界定。习B么,伦理中的“理”又作何解释呢?很简单,“理”即条理、道理。将伦和理连起来,伦理”之义就是人们在社会生活中结成的客观存在的相互关系,以及处理这些关系时应该遵循的道德和准则。比如孟子提出“五伦”,即父子、君臣、夫妇、兄弟、朋友,这就是一个人生活在现实世界上必然牵涉的五种基本关系,如何处理好这些关系乃是人生之要义。而要处理好这些关系,人们分别应遵循什么样的道理和准则呢?孟子认为是:·。父子有亲,君臣有义,夫妇有别,长幼有序,朋友有信。”也就是说,“有亲、有义、有别、有序、有信”就是人们在处理“五伦”关系中所应遵循的“理”。具体说来就是,为人父者要做到“慈”,为人子者要做到“孝”,这即是“父慈子孝”;为人君者要做到“仁”,为人臣者要做到c。忠”,这即是“君仁臣忠”;为人长者要做到“友”,为人幼者要做到“恭”,这即是“兄友弟恭”等等。可见我国古人在对现实人生的思考上表现出极大的智慧,正式确立了处理“五伦”关系时要遵循的“理”。
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