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急诊气管镜操作实用手册
$34.23
我国于20世纪70年代初开始引进纤维支气管镜检查技术,现已在呼吸内科专业得到了普遍应用,特别是2004年以来,呼...
我国于20世纪70年代初开始引进纤维支气管镜检查技术,现已在呼吸内科专业得到了普遍应用,特别是2004年以来,呼吸内镜下介入治疗在国内如火如荼地开展起来,以微创的方法解决了大量临床问题。随着便携式气管镜的发展,气管镜被广泛应用于呼吸科以外的科室,如急诊科的抢救室及监护室。我国的《急诊科住院医师规范化培训基地标准细则》中明确要求EICU基本设备中必须具有气管镜,每名学习气管镜技术的急诊医生都应在经验丰富的上级医师指导下接受系统、正规的气管镜理论与实践紧密结合的培训,直至能够独立、正确、规范地处理临床常见问题。为推动该技术在急诊科的规范应用,特编写本手册。
郭伟 毕业于首都医科大学,医学博士,主任医师,硕士研究生导师,首都医科学附属北京天坛医院急诊科主任、急诊医学教研室主任、全科医学教研室副主任。专业特长:感染性疾病的诊治、呼吸内镜介入治疗,以及急危重症的抢救。个人作者或通讯作者发表学术论文55篇,SCI 5篇。科普文章40余篇,作为执笔人撰写了《卒中相关性肺炎中国专家共识》、《支气管镜在急危重症临床应用的专家共识》;作为副主编编写了《急性中毒与解救》和首都医科大学临床药学系教材《内科疾病学》。《关注卒中相关性肺炎》一文获评2014年度中国科技期刊学术论文F5000论文。获评北京市卫计委第四批215工程学科骨干、首都医科大学2014年教育教学成果二等奖、2015年北京市东城区科技进步二等奖。获2016中华医学会全国医学教育技术优秀成果二、三等奖。主持北京市教育科学“十二五”规划项目重点课题;首都医科大学基础-临床科研合作基金;北京市东城区科技计划项目、首都医科大学校长基金、中华医学会医学教育分会和中国高等教育学会医学教育专业委员会2016年医学教育研究课题等多项课题研究。社会任职:北京医学会急诊分会委员,中华医学会急诊医学分会青年委员兼卒中学组副组长;中国卒中学会急救医学分会常务副主任委员,中国医学救援协会青年科学家委员会副主任委员,海峡两岸医药卫生交流协会急诊医学青委会副主任委员,中国医学救援协会急诊分会常务理事,中国医学救援协会灾难救援分会副秘书长,中国医学装备委协会应急救治装备分会常委,中国医师协会急诊外科专业委员会常务委员,中国研究型医院学会急救医学专业委员会常委,中国医疗保健国际交流促进会胸痛分会常务委员,首都医科大学全科医学与继续教育学院临床五系副主任。《中华急诊医学》通讯编委、《中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志》编委、《中国临床药理学杂志》青年编委、《中国急救医学》编委、《中华危重症杂志》电子版编委。
目录
前言............................................................................................................................... 10
章 气管镜简介..................................................................................................... 12
一、临床常用气管镜简介.................................................................................................................... 12
二、气管镜的主体结构........................................................................................................................ 14
三、气管镜的主流品牌和型号........................................................................................................... 15
四、气管镜操作及配件........................................................................................................................ 19
第二章 呼吸道的解剖.................................................................................................. 23
一、鼻...................................................................................................................................................... 23
二、喉...................................................................................................................................................... 24
三、气管和主支气管............................................................................................................................ 25
四、 支气管的命名............................................................................................................................... 26
五、气道各段正常镜下表现............................................................................................................... 27
第三章 气管镜的操作.................................................................................................. 29
一、术前准备......................................................................................................................................... 29
二、麻醉................................................................................................................................................. 31
三、进镜途径......................................................................................................................................... 32
四、具体操作......................................................................................................................................... 33
五、气管镜操作后的注意事项........................................................................................................... 38
第四章 气管镜在急危重症中的应用............................................................................ 38
一、气管镜在困难插管和调整气管插管中的应用......................................................................... 38
二、气管镜在重症肺部感染的病原学诊断和治疗中的应用........................................................ 40
三、气管镜在气道管理和治疗肺不张中的应用............................................................................. 41
四、气管镜在咯血的诊断和治疗中的应用...................................................................................... 42
五、气管镜在气管内异物治疗中的应用.......................................................................................... 43
六、气管镜在诊断气管食管瘘中的应用.......................................................................................... 43
七、气管镜在诊断气道狭窄和气管内新生物中的应用................................................................. 44
八、气管镜引导经皮扩张气管切开术.............................................................................................. 45
第五章 气管镜检查与治疗的禁忌症和并发症.............................................................. 46
一、气管镜检查、治疗的禁忌症....................................................................................................... 46
二、气管镜检查、治疗的并发症....................................................................................................... 46
第六章 气管镜的消毒与存储....................................................................................... 47
一、气管镜检查易感染的微生物....................................................................................................... 47
二、感染途径......................................................................................................................................... 47
三、气管镜的消毒灭菌方法............................................................................................................... 47
四、气管镜的储存方法........................................................................................................................ 49
附件............................................................................................................................... 50
附件一:气管镜下图谱........................................................................................................................ 50
附件二:影像检查肺部各个叶段分区.............................................................................................. 53
附件四:急诊气管镜检查/治疗报告模板........................................................................................ 58
附件五:卫生部办公厅关于印发呼吸内镜诊疗技术管理规范(2012年版)的通知............ 59
前言
内窥镜技术应用于呼吸道的探查始于1897年德国科学家Gustav Killian用硬质窥镜(Rigid Endoscope)从气道内取出异物,随着纤维光学的发展,可曲性内窥镜逐渐代替了硬质不可曲内窥镜。纤维光学的透光系统具有许多优点,它可在弯曲的条件下导光,医学专家们利用其这一特点制成了软质的可弯曲内窥镜,它可进入硬质内窥镜所不能达到的地方。1964年池田茂(Ikeda)设计了一种能进入气管各亚段的支气管内纤维窥镜,它具有镜体软、可视范围大、病人痛苦小、安全性好的优点,该款纤维窥镜还具有钳取病理组织、进行病理检查的功能。后来,医学专家们又在纤维支气管镜上安装了带有摄像功能的电子装置,这种气管镜我们称之为电子气管镜。我国于20世纪70年代初开始引进纤维支气管镜检查技术,现已在呼吸内科专业得到了普遍应用,特别是2004年以来,呼吸内镜下介入治疗在国内如火如荼地开展起来,以微创的方法解决了大量临床问题。随着便携式气管镜的发展,气管镜被广泛应用于呼吸科以外的科室,如急诊科的抢救室及监护室。我国的《急诊科住院医师规范化培训基地标准细则》中明确要求EICU基本设备中必须具有气管镜,每名学习气管镜技术的急诊医生都应在经验丰富的上级医师指导下接受系统、正规的气管镜理论与实践紧密结合的培训,直至能够独立、正确、规范地处理临床常见问题。为推动该技术在急诊科的规范应用,特编写本手册。
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