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微席叶与法国汉字记音方案(“近现代中法文学与文化交流研究”丛书)
$46.35
本书是“近现代中法文学与文化交流研究”丛书的一种,是研究法国外交官微席叶与近代法国汉字记音方案流变的语言文字学专著。书中介绍了近代中国语言文字发生的关键性变化,阐述了从字的表意向西方文字表音靠近这一语言变化过程,重点探究以西方传教士和外交官为主的外力在此间的作用。该书誊抄出版1899年罗马拼音方案,并做相关初步研究。同时收录了法国档案馆所藏至今未出版和做过相关研究的中国语言珍稀文献。文献的出版有助于推动现代汉语语音和语义变化研究...
本书是“近现代中法文学与文化交流研究”丛书的一种,是研究法国外交官微席叶与近代法国汉字记音方案流变的语言文字学专著。书中介绍了近代中国语言文字发生的关键性变化,阐述了从字的表意向西方文字表音靠近这一语言变化过程,重点探究以西方传教士和外交官为主的外力在此间的作用。该书誊抄出版1899年罗马拼音方案,并做相关初步研究。同时收录了法国档案馆所藏至今未出版和做过相关研究的中国语言珍稀文献。文献的出版有助于推动现代汉语语音和语义变化研究,也对中法文学关系与交流史有着独特意义。?本书为国家社科基金重大项目(19ZDA221)阶段性成果。
郭丽娜,中山大学中国语言文学系教授,博士生导师,博士后合作导师,法国文学硕士、世界史博士。主要研究领域为法国文学与西方文论、语文学与比较诗学、中法文化关系史、域外汉学。
桑瑞,华北电力大学外国语学院讲师,法国图卢兹大学文学博士。主要研究领域为法国文学与比较文学、欧洲汉学、翻译学。
上编 微席叶与法国汉字记音方案
引言
一、西人的汉字记音方案及国内外相关研究
二、微席叶汉字记音方案形成的历史背景
三、法国汉字记音方案的基本形态、编写基础与记音情况
四、法国汉字记音方案的历史意义与学术价值
余论
参考书目
下编 档案与文献
一、微席叶生平及其著述
二、微席叶汉字记音方案(译件)
三、微席叶汉字记音方案(誊抄件)
四、微席叶汉字记音方案(原件)
五、法国驻华公使团提交之北京官话记音表(原件)
六、《法国外交部汉字记音方案》及译件
七、《法国外交部汉字记音方案》单行本
八、《我们的记音法》
致谢
引 言
郭丽娜
语言问题是文化交流的首要问题,语言的国际化程度是一个国家文化软实力的重要指标之一。就汉语而言,汉字拼音化是语言国际化的表征之一。
汉字原无拼音字母,汉字拼音化受启发于明末西方传教士入华学习汉语的经验。至20世纪50年代周有光先生主持制订《汉语拼音方案》和《汉语拼音正词法基本规则》,规范汉语拼音拼写规则,汉字拼音字母形成史前后约三百年。从全球文化交流史的角度看,这是一个西人用拉丁字母对汉字进行记音,后被中国语文学者加以借鉴,对汉字读音进行注音,使汉语具备国际语特质的多维度互动过程。其间的经纬脉络错综复杂,值得厘清,以便更好地讨论汉语语言形式之历史嬗变,标定汉语在世界语言地图上的位置。
西方大航海时代之后,法国逐渐取代葡萄牙、西班牙,成为中西文化交流的主力军。法语属于印欧语系罗曼语支,法文为表音而不表意的交流符号,如何与汉字表意符号之间实现有效解码,也是法国人必须面对的问题。19世纪鸦片战争之后,中法在外交、经济、军事和宗教等文化领域的交往更加密切,语言问题更为突出。为此法国外交部在1899年委托巴黎东方语言专校(École spéciale des langues orientales)汉语讲席教授微席叶(Arnold-Jacques-Antoine Vissière,1858-1930)制订汉字记音方案,在法国政府各部门和公私科研机构进行推广,形成统一规范。
本书以法国外交部档案馆藏相关档案为主体,对法国汉字记音方案的形成过程进行考述,并指出该汉字记音方案之历史意义和学术价值。法国外交部档案馆藏档案全称为《汉字之拉丁记音(1899-1914)》(Transcription des sons chinois en lettres latines),为法国外交部政策司档,编号为SérieA Carton 34(A系列34档),内含1899、1900、1901和1902四个年份的档案,共九份文件,是法国外交部就微席叶所拟汉字记音方案一事与法国驻华公使馆、军事部、海事部、殖民地部、公共教育与美育部等部门之间进行沟通和协调的往返函件、附录与备忘录。内容概述如下:
本书分上编和下编。上编为“正文”,对记音方案形成的历史背景、方案的性质和记音特点、方案的学术价值进行讨论。下编为“档案与文献”,提供所用主体文献之原件、誊抄件和译件,以飨学界,亦有抛砖引玉之意,期待业界参与讨论,共同推进相关研究。“档案与文献”部分含微席叶生平及其著述、微席叶汉字记音方案、法国驻华公使团提交之《北京官话记音表》、1902年第3期《法国亚洲协会会刊》刊登的《法国外交部汉字记音方案》及其单行本、1902年第2期《法兰西远东学院院刊》刊登的《我们的记音法》,以及上述文献的译文。
全书分工:郭丽娜负责上编以及下编法国外交部档案的整理和文献(除文献七之外)的采集,负责文献(除“微席叶汉字记音方案”外)的翻译;桑瑞负责下编“微席叶汉字记音方案”的誊抄和翻译,负责文献七的采集。译文互校。
几点说明:,法国外交部档案原文名称为“Transcription des sons chinois en lettres latines”,直译是“用拉丁字母标记汉字的读音”,本书译为“记音”,以区别于“注音”,因“注音”体现的是汉语之主体性,如王力先生在《中国语言学史》第二章第六节所云:“所谓直音,就是以同音字注音,如‘乐,音洛’,‘说,音悦’。”第二,法国汉字记音方案的制订者是微席叶,方案有初稿和定稿两份,凡涉及初稿,本书均写为“微席叶汉字记音方案”,定稿统称为“法国汉字记音方案”,这既符合文献的实质,也方便行文。第三,本书主要讨论方案的形成过程、记音方式及其全球史意义,而非文字学研究,故在正文中,方案的繁体字均改为简体,读者若想了解方案原貌,请查阅下编内容。后,本书所录文献为语言历史文献,涉及诸多历史信息,尤其是微席叶的个人著述,作者已尽全力查找原件,尽量忠实于原文,但部分原件仍无法查获,故标题翻译可能有失,至于少量无法确认的人名、地名和书名,暂保留其法文拼写;翻译是件吃力不讨好之事,译文与原文肯定存有差异,译腔也在所难免;作者学力有限,也会产生失误。故恳请方家指正,也请读者海涵。
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