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大直径盾构隧道穿越圆形风井施工关键技术研究与应用
$42.98
在南京纬三路过江通道大直径盾构隧道穿越梅子洲风井工程为国内首创大直径盾构一次性穿越圆形风井的成功案例。本书以南京纬三路过江通道工程为依托,凝练了大直径盾构隧道穿越水下风井施工技术的理论和实践经验,可以对未来类似条件下的盾构隧道工程修建提供借鉴,促进工程界和学术界在地下工程领域的不断创新和探索。
本书以南京纬三路过江通道工程为依托,全面介绍了大直径盾构隧道穿越圆形风井施工新技术,重点从临江敏感环境超深圆形风井基坑围护体系施工技术、水下开挖及水下大体积混凝土封底施工技术、盾构机适应性改进及穿越风井施工技术、工序转换过程超深基坑稳定性控制技术等四个方面进行了系统的梳理,并结合现场实测数据进行了分析。 本书理论与实践相结合,可为国内外盾构工程建设提供参考借鉴,可供从事盾构隧道工程相关的工程技术人员、科研人员及高等院校相关专业的师生参考学习。
姚占虎 正高级工程师,中交隧道工程局有限公司总工程师。多年来一直从事隧道与地下工程技术研究工作,参与了南京纬三路过江通道、南京和燕路过江通道、北六环改造项目等多个大直径盾构隧道的施工技术研究工作,具有丰富的施工技术管理经验。荣获省部级科学技术进步一等奖3项,授权发明专利13项、实用新型专利17项,发表科技论文20余篇、专著3部。
张亚洲 工程师,中交隧道局地下空间科学研究院主任。长期从事隧道与地下工程的设计、施工及技术研究工作,先后参与了南京纬三路过江通道、上海周家嘴路越江隧道、上海诸光路通道、上海北横通道、江阴靖江长江隧道等多个大直径盾构隧道工程的设计、咨询工作,主持或参与科研课题10余项。荣获省部级奖2项,授权发明专利5项、实用新型专利10项,发表科技论文10余篇。
李 辉 高级工程师,中交隧道局盾构中心总工程师。长期从事城市轨道交通和超大直径盾构施工技术研究工作,先后参与南京纬三路过江通道、北京地铁8号线及天津地铁11号线等项目施工管理,参与科研课题20余项,在超大直径盾构施工、城市道路快速化改造及水下开挖等领域取得多项创新成果。荣获各级科技进步奖5项,授权专利6项,发表论文10余篇、专著2部。
随着城市建设的快速推进、交通需求的增加,我国盾构法水下隧道不断朝大直径、长距离方向发展,如已建成的南京长江隧道工程、南京纬三路过江通道工程及在建的南京和燕路过江通道工程、江阴靖江长江隧道工程,其隧道外径均达14.5m(含)以上,盾构段长度均在3km 以上。正在规划的琼州海峡跨海通道工程、台湾海峡隧道工程,长达数十千米甚至上百千米。为满足长距离盾构隧道在运营期间的通风、疏散需要,隧道中部往往需设置1 个或多个中间风井。受限于水下隧道特殊的环境条件,中间风井往往实施难度大、盾构穿越风险高,国内大直径盾构隧道穿越圆形风井施工尚无先例可循。如果按照以往地铁工程建设中小直径盾构穿越风井常用的"到站接收、平移、再始发"施工工艺,在风井临江、富水条件下,端头井加固受影响、施工空间有限,到站接收及再始发风险极大。在风井基坑实施及盾构穿越风井过程中一旦发生工程事故,将会导致工期延后、建设成本增加,甚至会危及周边建(构)筑物和人民生命财产安全。因此,如何确保中间风井安全建设、盾构机高效通过是目前普遍关注的技术难题。在南京纬三路过江通道超大直径盾构隧道穿越梅子洲风井工程实施过程中,项目团队在调研国内外深基坑工程实例、盾构穿越风井施工案例基础上,结合理论研究、数值模拟开展了大量的现场试验和监测,依托该工程项目进行科研攻关,创造性地提出一系列施工新技术并在工程中成功应用。这一系列施工新技术实现了盾构机在不换刀具前提下对掌子面混凝土结构一次性立体切削,成功规避了系统风险,确保了工程的顺利、安全、如期实施。该工程为国内首创大直径盾构一次性穿越圆形风井的成功案例。本书以南京纬三路过江通道工程为依托,全面介绍了大直径盾构隧道穿越圆形风井施工新技术,重点从以下几个方面进行了系统的梳理:(1)临江敏感环境超深圆形风井基坑围护体系施工技术。通过水泥土优化配比试验、超深旋喷桩施工技术参数试验、超深高压旋喷桩方案可行性及设备配套研究、超深旋喷桩成桩质量和加固效果的现场检测技术研究,确保了超深旋喷桩加固的施工质量。通过成槽泥浆配比优选、钢筋笼分块吊装技术研究、地连墙幅间连接方式分析、盾构洞身范围内玻璃纤维筋设置,解决了超深圆形风井地下连续墙成槽难度大、垂直度控制要求高、接头渗漏风险大、钢筋笼制作吊装难度大、钢筋与接头对盾构施工影响大等问题。结合基坑降水技术,确保了基坑底板的稳定性,有效控制了下部承压含水层的风险,同时减少了降水工作量,加快了工期、减少了费用。(2)梅子洲风井水下开挖及水下大体积混凝土封底施工技术。通过采用自主研制的搅吸式水下土体开挖设备,结合贝雷架施工平台及水下可视化探测技术,实现了超深圆形风井基坑水下安全、高效开挖。通过对混凝土配合比设计、预埋导管布置方案、混凝土浇筑顺序及浇筑速度、大体积水下混凝土浇筑技术及安全控制、基坑水下混凝土平整度及水溶性检测手段的研究,实现了水下大体积混凝土高质量浇筑。(3)盾构机适应性改进及穿越风井施工技术。通过盾构机适应性改造、盾构机穿越地连墙方案研究、管片与洞门连接部位密封技术研究、盾构机穿越井底段混凝土配合比研究及盾构机刀具磨损影响分析,实现了盾构机的安全、快速穿越。(4)工序转换过程超深基坑稳定性控制技术。针对盾构穿越过程中梅子洲风井围护与主体结构的响应问题,采用荷载结构分析方法对梅子洲风井建设施工及其盾构机破井过程中的稳定性做出评价,提出合理的支护技术参数和措施,并根据实测数据进行分析,确保工程施工期的结构稳定性。本书凝练了大直径盾构隧道穿越圆形风井施工技术的理论和实践经验,以期对未来类似条件下的盾构隧道工程修建提供借鉴,也希望有助于工程界和学术界在地下工程领域的不断创新和探索。由于作者水平有限,书中难免出现错漏之处,有些提法也有待商榷,敬请专家和读者批评指正。作者2021年12月
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