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大家小书 拙匠随笔(精装本)
$36.91
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本书称得上是一本“大师小书”,兼具学术性与普及性。在本书中,染思成先生以随笔的方式,漫谈中国的建筑与城市规划,话题性强,文笔优美,深入浅出。本书的上编“拙匠随笔”收入梁先生在上世纪60年代的多篇建筑科普作品,寥寥数语,解释清楚了建筑学是什么、建筑师是怎样工作的等来自公众的疑问,并饱蘸了对祖国的热爱之情撰写了“祖国的建筑”“中国建筑的特征”“建筑与建筑的艺术”等文章,阅读这些文章,一个伟大的建筑学家跃然纸上。本书中编“城市与规划”收入了梁思成在城市规划领域有代表性的几篇名文,如具有历史价值的“市镇的体系秩序”“梁陈方案”“关于北京城墙存废问题的讨论”“北京——都市计划的无比杰作”等,集中体现了梁思成从1946年至1951年在城市研究领域的学术创见,这几篇文章所提出的问题,例如北京城的规划、北京城墙的是否应拆除、人居环境等,在当时的思想界掀起了轩然大波,梁思成所提出的问题因为没有得到有效的解决,所产生的后遗症在此后的数十年屡屡成为北京规划的瓶颈,也一次次成为学术界和思想界进行深入探讨的话题。本书的下编收入了梁思成的一些难以归类的文章,其中“致东北大学建筑系*班毕业生信”“清华大学营建学系学制及学程计划草案”“闲话文物建筑的重修与维护”等文章,从中可以看到一个虽在现实中屡屡碰壁,却不改赤子之心的建筑教育家的本色。
梁思成(1901—1972),广东省新会人,中国建筑史学家、建筑师、城市规划师和教育家,一生致力于保护中国古代建筑和文化遗产。1924年入宾夕法尼亚大学学习建筑,1927年获建筑硕士学位,同年,在美国哈佛大学研究生院学习。1928年回国,创办东北大学建筑系并任系主任和教授。1931年任中国营造学社法式部主任。1932年任北京大学教授,讲授中国建筑史。1946年创办清华大学建筑系并任系主任。1947年获普林斯顿大学荣誉文学博士学位。1948年届“中央研究院”院士。梁思成先生系统地调查、整理、研究了中国古代建筑的历史和理论,是中国建筑学科的开拓者和奠基者。主持并参加调查过多处古代建筑的实例,对中国古代建筑、古代艺术发展、特征和成就进行过系统和深入的研究。新中国成立后积极参加首都北京的城市规划和北京十大建筑的设计工作,努力探索中国建筑的创作道路,还提出文物建筑保护的理论和方法。设计作品主要有:1919年设计清华大学王国维先生纪念碑,1934年设计北京大学地质馆,1949年主持中华人民共和国国徽的设计,1952年主持人民英雄纪念碑的设计等。主要著作有《清式营造则例》《中国建筑史》《图像中国建筑史》《营造法式注释》《中国雕塑史》等。
目录 上编 拙匠随笔 建筑(社会科学∪技术科学∪美术)(3)
《拙匠随笔》的随笔 吴良镛 前些年,有位年迈的国外建筑学者对我说,他由于年龄关系,具体的业务少了,致力于为某报建筑论坛专栏写稿。他发现,这类文章读者多,社会影响大,超过一般学术论文,他对自己新“领域”的开拓,欣然自得,信心甚足。当时,我只一听而过,并未去多想。 尔后,在编纂《梁思成文集》时,看到梁先生晚年的文章,特别是重读《拙匠随笔》之后,仍深有启发。文章不长,深入浅出,言之有物,立论清新。这些文章在当时就受到社会注意,我记得梁先生告诉过我,某日在机场,会到周恩来总理,因为各有不同的客人,还是总理发现了他,从他身后走上来,拍拍他的肩膀说:“你的《建筑师是怎样工作的?》一文,我看了,写得很好!这类文章,以后不妨多写。提高人们对建筑的认识。”其实不止周总理看了很欣赏,其他如《千篇一律与千变万化》一文浅释统一变化规律,给予我们建筑教师的印象也是很深的,并常为人所引用。重读之余,我倒想起前面所说的那位国外建筑师的话来,我深感建筑是社会事业,它是为广大群众服务的,也要求社会对建筑的广泛了解和支持。从这个意义上讲,加强对建筑的介绍与评论,目的就很明显了。 梁先生当时列了一张单子,计划先写10篇,每篇有一个主题,从建筑是什么开篇,内容也少不了一些典故,题目甚至来一点噱头。例如《从“燕用”——不祥的谶语说起》一文,从宋代汴京的建设与金中都建设,将开封的一些宫殿建筑构件搬到北京来,说到装配式建筑与近代建筑施工等,以几件具体的事看建筑发展之线索。梁先生说“题目新颖,人家一见就要看下去”,实际效果也正是如此。 “随笔”所写,都是他长期思考的问题,说古论今,旁征博引,写起来却一气呵成。他重视插图,都是亲自动手画,像颐和园长廊一幅,一再更改,画完颇为得意,可惜原稿遗失,《梁思成文集》所刊的是别人摹写(附带说一句,他还想自己专为青少年描画一本中国建筑发展的“小人书”,也是出于普及建筑文化的用意,但未能实现)。这建筑随笔的写出,是他以火炽的热情,阐述建筑科学及建筑艺术的重要性的又一努力。可惜像这样的学术小品后来也和《燕山夜话》的下场一样,中途停顿、窒息了。 这些年来,讨论建筑的随笔杂文之类的文章多了起来,老年专家如张开济、陈从周先生等就写了不少雅俗共赏的随笔,吸引不少晚报的读者。中青年专家也陆续涌出,这是建筑思想活跃的表现,对推动学术讨论,普及提高中国建筑科学与艺术水平作用很大。“人民城市人民建”,人民城市为人民,人民是城乡的主人,我们应当努力创造各种条件,将我们的服务对象——城乡的主人,对建筑的积极性创造性发挥出来。《建设报》的编者有鉴于此,拟恢复“拙匠随笔”专栏,既是“拙匠”随笔,当然还是由“匠人”来写,只是从一家发展到百家,从一位老年的建筑工作者个人孜孜奋战,发展为老中青参加的建筑论坛与普及建筑科学园地,这是饶有意义的。编者要我开篇,爰将梁先生撰文经过,及我所想附记于上。我的文章一写就长,这是不足为训的。
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