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城市桥梁预制装配成套技术研究与应用
$51.07
对全预制城市高架桥的建设应用积累了丰富的研究和实践经验。城市桥梁全预制拼装技术采用的预制装配式施工构建标准化程度高,质量可控、精度高、施工作业快等一系列优点,并且节省工期,是当下建筑业转型发展的历史趋势。
本书主要介绍了城市桥梁全预制装配设计施工关键技术研究的主要过程和核心成果,包括桥墩预制装配快速链接构造,预制装配快速链接构造试验研究,成套预制技术,成套装配技术,异性段节段拼装及防撞墙预制装配技术,BIM、二维码等信息化管理管理技术在预制装配项目中的应用,以及新型技术体系在上海嘉闵高架、S3公路等工程中的应用情况等,是对上海地区近十年来在桥梁全预制装配技术领域研究与实践的系统总结。本书将对从事桥梁全预制装配设计和施工的研究人员和工程师有积极的参考意义,有助于建筑工业化发展,提升上海乃至全国其他地区的桥梁装配式建造水平。
姜海西 博士,教授级高级工程师,现任上海城投公路投资(集团)有限公司副总经理。主要从事桥梁和隧道工程建设和技术管理工作,以及上海市路桥隧重大工程项目的投资建设管理及重大科技研发及应用工作。创新成果“桥梁钢筋模块化施工工艺”和“城市桥梁全预制拼装技术”;实现了超高频液压振动沉桩技术这项全新的桩基技术在国内的应用。获上海市科技进步奖、华夏奖、上海市建设功臣等荣誉,获得发明专利授权4项,实用新型专利9项。
章桥梁全预制装配技术研究进展/11.1国外桥梁全预制装配技术31.1.1有黏结后张预应力筋连接构造31.1.2灌浆套筒连接构造51.1.3灌浆金属波纹管连接构造71.1.4承插式连接构造81.1.5插槽式连接构造91.1.6钢筋焊接或搭接并采用湿接缝构造91.1.7其他构造101.2国内桥梁全预制装配技术101.3国内全预制装配桥梁典型案例121.3.1嘉闵高架北段二期工程121.3.2中环国定东路下匝道工程131.3.3S7公路新建工程14第二章桥墩预制装配快速连接构造/172.1灌浆套筒连接构造192.1.1套筒构造192.1.2高强无收缩水泥灌浆料202.1.3高强灌浆料—套筒组合体系控制指标212.1.4高强灌浆料—套筒组合体系配件222.2灌浆金属波纹管连接构造222.3承插式连接构造232.4插槽式连接构造24第三章预制装配快速连接构造试验研究/253.1试件设计273.1.1试件描述273.1.2试件尺寸设计313.1.3试件配筋设计323.2试件制作343.3试件加载方案363.3.1试验装置363.3.2竖向荷载模拟373.3.3水平荷载模拟383.4量测内容423.5试验现象423.5.11#试件(新)423.5.21#试件(旧)443.5.32#试件463.5.43#试件473.5.54#试件493.5.65#试件513.5.76#试件523.5.87#试件543.5.98#试件603.5.109#试件673.5.1110#试件723.5.1211#试件773.5.1312#试件793.5.1413#试件803.6试验结果分析823.6.1单向加载823.6.2滞回性能843.6.3恢复力特性863.6.4延性性能883.6.5耗能面积893.7主要试验结论90第四章预制装配施工工艺研究——成套预制技术/934.1现代化预制工厂954.1.1现代化预制工厂设计原则954.1.2现代化预制工厂设计案例954.2立柱预制994.2.1立柱预制原则994.2.2立柱预制施工工艺及案例1014.3盖梁预制1294.3.1盖梁预制原则1294.3.2盖梁预制施工工艺及案例1314.4信息化技术在构件预制中的应用1504.4.1二维码技术及应用研究路线1504.4.2二维码技术在预制装配桥梁工艺中的应用研究1524.4.3二维码标准格式及专用软件开发1544.4.4二维码打印技术研究158第五章预制装配施工工艺研究——成套装配技术/1615.1构件吊装运输1635.1.1构件吊装运输原则1635.1.2立柱工厂内起吊运输1635.1.3盖梁工厂内起吊运输1665.2立柱装配1685.2.1立柱装配原则1685.2.2立柱装配案例1705.3盖梁装配1815.3.1盖梁装配原则1815.3.2盖梁装配案例182第六章城市高架异形段节段拼装及防撞墙预制装配技术/1916.1高架异形段节段拼装技术1936.1.1混凝土梁节段预制装配技术发展1936.1.2异形段节段拼装方案研究1946.1.3高架异形段节段拼装设计实例1986.2防撞墙预制装配技术2016.2.1预制防撞墙设计方案2016.2.2预制防撞墙静力试验205第七章BIM在预制装配项目中的应用/2277.1基于BIM的城市高架桥梁预制工厂信息化管理技术2297.1.1基于BIM的混凝土预制构件深化设计2297.1.2基于BIM的PC构件数字化加工技术2347.1.3基于BIM和物联网技术的城市高架预制工厂信息化管理系统2347.2基于BIM的城市高架智慧建造技术2397.2.1施工方案模拟2397.2.2基于BIM的智慧建造管理平台241参考文献/245
随着城市的快速发展,交通压力日益严重,同时为了节约有限的土地资源,国内各大城市都开始建造大量的桥梁工程。但按照传统的现浇施工工艺,城市内桥梁工程建造过程本身会对已是建成区的城市造成巨大的伤害,主要带来了以下一系列问题: (1) 现场需搭设大量支架和模板,施工过程安全风险大,监管工作量大、难度高、效率低(见图1)。图1传统支架施工方式容易造成坍塌事故(2) 支架对空间的占用造成本来就很拥堵的交通雪上加霜,社会舆论反响强烈(见图2)。图2桥梁传统建造模式对城市既有交通影响非常大(3) 大量的现浇工作造成施工效率低下、建造工期过长。(4) 现场大规模作业模式产生了大量的声、光、尘、泥浆等污染,严重影响了城市自然环境和居民生活环境。(5) 粗放型的施工模式导致行业整体能耗高,浪费严重。同时,随着国民经济的发展,社会背景也发生了巨大的变化,如劳动力工资不断上涨、技术型劳动力储备严重不足、社会公众对改善环境和交通诉求日益高涨、国家越来越重视环保节能战略等。因此,城市高架桥梁的传统现浇施工工艺已不能满足社会发展的需求,必须寻求一种工厂化、快速化、集约化的城市高架桥梁桥墩建造施工工艺。参考飞机、汽车等机械行业,以及装配式住宅的构件化生产、集成组装的现代化生产模式,城市高架桥梁桥墩也可以采用工厂预制、现场装配的建造模式,这种工艺已经被世界各国高度重视并进行深入研究。预制装配技术工艺相对于传统技术工艺主要有如下特点: (1) 缩短工期。预制装配施工技术是将现场需要立模、绑扎钢筋及浇筑混凝土等的工作转到预制工厂,即立柱、盖梁等在基础工程完成之前就可以预制施工,把传统顺序施工过程变成并行的工序,通过合理安排预制、装配工序来加快施工进度,缩短施工工期。(2) 降低施工对现有交通的干扰。立柱、盖梁构件工厂预制,由专用设备进行现场装配,可显著降低对施工场地周围城市正常交通的影响,减轻对周围环境的影响。(3) 降低工程风险。减少大量的现场人工和人数,减少现场支架、钢筋、模板搭设和拆除工序,降低工人长时间高空作业,便于现场管理,减少施工危险。(4) 提高工程质量。由于预制装配结构主要在工厂完成,质量稳定且有保证。同时预制装配对精度要求高的特性决定施工质量比传统施工质量要高,工厂化生产质量稳定,也利于质量和精度的控制。(5) 当工程规模大时,可摊销降低工程成本。因为预制装配主要的投入是建造预制加工厂和购买相关的生产、吊装设备,通过大工程的实施,施工机械成本和预制生产成本均可以得到充分的摊销。本书总结了上海地区自2011年以来桥梁全预制装配技术,特别是预制装配桥墩研究与应用的系列成果,包括了各类拼接接头的可靠性、结构体系的力学行为、现代化预制工厂、快速装配工艺及BIM在相关项目中的应用等一系列设计施工关键技术。主要内容如下:(1) 依据桥梁预制构件特点、施工条件和所处工程环境等因素,研发了多种预制装配构件之间的连接构造和连接装置,如连接套筒、金属波纹管、高强无收缩压浆料、Pocket、Member socket等。(2) 开展了预制装配桥墩接缝力学行为、抗震设计和分析计算方法研究,包括预制装配构件在正常使用条件下预制构件裂缝控制、强度、刚度和耐久性等的设计理论和方法研究;预制桥墩抗震延性变形、破坏机理、倒塌模式、抗震设计和分析计算方法研究。(3) 预制混凝土桥梁构件制备技术,主要内容为现代化的预制构件厂工装和流水线的集成预制工艺研发、信息化组织管控技术研究和相关配套机械化设备(如预制墩身、盖梁专用模板、吊具等)的集成研发,并进行了工程应用。(4) 进行了预制混凝土桥梁吊装、运输和现场装配等施工工艺研究,主要包括大型的运输设备、现场装配吊装设备、压浆设备、构件间装配对准技术、施工监控和施工组织管理等。研究内容包括信息化施工模拟分析与技术革新研究;配合吊装研发自动调整系统等相关产品,建立适应桥梁预制节段快速对准和装配的工法;高强度无收缩砂浆搅拌和压浆设备研发,并进行了工程实际应用。(5) 对城市高架异形段节段拼装及预制防撞护栏技术进行了初步研究。本书的面世将有助于城市高架桥梁设计与施工向文明、耐久、美观、配置集约化、能源节约、人力资源合理配置的方向发展,并推动新型绿色产业链的形成,培育全预制装配桥梁技术相关设计单位、现代化预制梁厂、新型连接装置加工企业,扩大社会就业范围,促进上海市桥梁结构产业化发展,并引领全国预制桥梁结构的产业化发展。
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