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城市景观设计原理及应用(姜虹)
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《城市景观设计原理及应用》较为全面地概述了当代城市景观中经常应用的设计美学原理,以及在国内当今时代背景下出现的相关设计理论和交叉研究方法;同时,通过结合国家目前实施的部分相关规范、标准,明确了不同类型城市景观的主要规划内容及其设计要点。第1章介绍了形式美法则和三大构成理论,归纳总结城市景观设计中的造景基本原则和常用组景方法。第2章介绍了城市居住区景观设计相关标准、规范和设计要点。第3章针对不同类型的城市商业区,从基本概念、空间形态、景观构成等几个方面介绍了其主要景观特点及相应的设计要点。第4章介绍了城市广场和城市公园的发展过程、主要类型以及相应的景观设计要点,详细分析了不同类型城市公园的主要设计理念和具体设计方法。第5章针对性地介绍了城市工业类棕地、基础设施类棕地以及矿业类棕地景观再生的主要内容和特点,并结合典型实例解析了基本设计原则和具体设计内容。本教材结合大量实例,语言简练,图文并茂,通俗易懂。本书可作为高等院校风景园林、园林、环境艺术设计、城乡规划、建筑学等专业教材,也可作为相关行业的设计师、工程师、管理人员参考用书。
姜虹,东北林业大学园林学院建筑教研室,副教授,硕士研究生导师,从事多年建筑设计实践以及园林、风景园林、环境设计等专业的城市景观理论、设计的教学。主要研究方向:城市景观设计、风景园林规划及设计、风景园林建筑设计。主要教学:城市景观设计相关课程。
第1章城市景观设计的美学原理与组景方法1 1.1形式美法则1 1.1.1形式美法则的起源1 1.1.2形式美法则的形成2 1.1.3形式美法则的主要内容3 1.2构成艺术理论7 1.2.1构成的基本理论7 1.2.2平面构成8 1.2.3立体构成14 1.2.4色彩构成16 1.2.5构成艺术的景观设计实例19 1.3审美心理学22 1.3.1格式塔心理学的内涵与特征22 1.3.2阿恩海姆视觉思维艺术理论24 1.3.3完形组织法则26 1.3.4基于视知觉特性的造景原则30 1.4城市景观的常用组景方法35 1.4.1轴线法35 1.4.2并置法36 1.4.3对构法36 1.4.4立标法36 1.4.5抑扬法37 1.4.6其他组景方法38 第2章城市居住区景观设计39 2.1居住用地的分类及规划39 2.1.1居住用地的包含范围39 2.1.2居住区的规模等级39 2.2居住用地的主要规划指标42 2.3住宅建筑的日照间距控制44 2.3.1日照标准44 2.3.2日照间距系数45 2.4居住区的常见类型47 2.4.1住宅建筑的类型47 2.4.2户外空间尺度特点48 2.5居住区景观设计要点52 2.5.1主要设计内容52 2.5.2当前设计热点与设计范例58 第3章城市商业景观设计73 3.1现代城市商业区的发展过程73 3.2不同类型商业区的景观特性74 3.2.1商业街(区)74 3.2.2商业综合体外环境78 3.3主要设计内容82 3.3.1地域文化特征的表达83 3.3.2富有吸引力的商业氛围营造84 3.3.3交通流线组织85 3.4景观元素设计要点86 3.4.1软质景观86 3.4.2铺装89 3.4.3小品设施90 3.4.4装置艺术92 3.5商业景观实例解析103 3.5.1北京望京小街103 3.5.2美国伊萨卡商业步行街106 3.5.3上海新天地108 3.5.4成都远洋太古里111 3.5.5日本博多运河城115 3.5.6新加坡ION Orchard118 第4章城市绿地与广场景观设计121 4.1分类与概念121 4.1.1用地分类121 4.1.2基本概念122 4.2城市广场124 4.2.1城市广场的起源与发展125 4.2.2现代城市广场的类型126 4.2.3城市广场的空间形态129 4.2.4城市广场的视觉尺度131 4.2.5城市广场的地域特色134 4.3城市公园135 4.3.1城市公园的产生与发展135 4.3.2公园的类型137 4.4城市绿地系统139 4.4.1主要发展过程139 4.4.2主要规划内容149 4.5公园景观实例解析151 4.5.1首钢工业遗址公园151 4.5.2西安城市运动公园155 4.5.3北京奥林匹克森林公园160 4.5.4山东东营市明月湖国家城市湿地公园163 第5章城市棕地景观再生167 5.1棕地与棕地景观167 5.1.1棕地的内涵167 5.1.2城市棕地的内涵169 5.1.3棕地景观的特点171 5.2工业类棕地景观更新173 5.2.1背景概况173 5.2.2空间特征173 5.2.3污染特征174 5.2.4自然元素修复174 5.2.5工业遗产保护175 5.2.6范例解析175 5.3基础设施类棕地景观更新181 5.3.1交通设施类棕地181 5.3.2垃圾填埋场类棕地187 5.3.3范例解析191 5.4矿业类棕地景观更新200 5.4.1背景概况201 5.4.2空间特征201 5.4.3污染特征202 5.4.4土壤综合治理202 5.4.5自然元素修复203 5.4.6范例解析204 5.5城市棕地景观再生的原则210 5.5.1尊重自然的生态原则210 5.5.2尊重历史的共生原则211 5.5.3尊重地域的文化原则211 5.5.4尊重科学的经济原则212 参考文献213
城市景观设计的特点是具有高度的综合性,与众多学科方向都互有交叉,尤其在风景园林、城乡规划、环境艺术、建筑学等设计类学科的培养计划中,都开设了相似类型的课程。在教学过程及设计实践中,因受到所在学科专业背景知识的影响,出现了各自的侧重倾向,使得学生对城市景观的理解有所欠缺,对其内容与重点掌握得不够全面。同时,由于城市景观的动态性和时效性,与其设计相关的国家规范在近两年来陆续更新,并新增了若干条文规定,因此导致部分已出版的相关书籍和教材的内容与现行规范不符。 《城市景观设计原理及应用》为高等院校城市景观设计课程教材(先修课程教材为《城市景观设计概论》已于2017年出版),较为全面地概述了当代城市景观中经常应用的设计美学原理,以及在国内当今时代背景下出现的相关设计理论和交叉研究方法;同时,通过结合国家目前实施的部分相关规范、标准,明确阐述了不同类型城市景观的主要规划内容及其设计要点。本套教材力求全面、系统、形象地解析城市景观,从基本概念内涵到设计原理及其实践应用进行阐述,为学生掌握相应的具体设计技能打下清晰、准确的理论与实践基础。 为了更好地阐释各章节内容,紧密结合城市景观设计的特点,本教材列举大量实例;同时,结合园林、风景园林以及环境艺术设计等专业学生对城市景观设计认知有限的问题,本教材力求语言简练、图文并茂,使枯燥的理论知识能够具象化,达到通俗易懂的效果。本套教材可供园林、风景园林、环境艺术以及城乡规划、建筑学等相近专业的教师、学生和设计师学习和参考之用。 本书在编写过程中得到了东北林业大学园林学院建筑教研室各位同事的大力协助,在此表示深深的谢意! 鉴于编者水平所限,书中难免有不妥之处,敬请读者批评雅正! 编者 2022年2月于哈尔滨
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