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城乡供水系统低碳运行与安全管理
$36.49
本书按照城乡供水系统低碳运行与安全管理要求,依次介绍了城乡供水、水源、净水、输配水等工程内容,以及城乡供水系统管理和应急技术。全书共分为6部分,内容主要包括:城乡供水系统概述、水源系统、净水系统、输配水管网系统、供水系统管理、供水系统应急技术。
本书内容丰富,注重工程应用分析和案例介绍,在部分章节提出了新工艺、新方法、新措施,并融入了近几年完成的相关课题成果,可供从事水源管理、净化、供给、输配等行业的运行管理人员、工程技术人员参考,也可供给排水及相关专业学生阅读。
1城乡供水系统概述
11城乡供水系统组成
12城乡供水系统要求
13城乡供水系统发展趋势
2水源系统
21我国水资源概况
22水源水质
23水源水体评价预测模型
24水质监测
3净水系统
31预处理
32混凝
33沉淀
34澄清
35气浮
36过滤
37消毒
38强化处理
39膜净水工艺
4输配水管网系统
41供水管网系统的功能和组成
42供水管网系统规划布置
43供水管道材料及附件
44供水管网附属构筑物
45城镇供水计量设备
5供水系统管理
51城乡供水一体化系统
52供水系统优化
53运行管理模式及水价机制
54基于BIM的水厂运维管理系统
55水厂安全管理
56管网系统的管理与维护
6供水系统应急技术
61城乡供水事故分级
62供水应急预案
63突发性水污染事故的应急净水技术
参考文献
科学推进饮用水安全,创造良好的生产生活基础,是人民对美好生活的基本需要,也是城乡基础设施协调发展的重要体现。
坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策,要求我们节制地取用水,以减轻对自然环境的干扰。但是,自工业革命以来,科学技术的发展使人们改造自然、攫取资源的能力得到前所未有的提升,于是市场化、产业化、人口剧增带来了对水资源的过度消费和大量浪费,水资源水环境问题日趋严峻,建立健康的水循环体系迫在眉睫。
在水的社会循环中,如果将人们聚居生活的社会区域拟人化,供水管道系统好比人体的动脉,排水管道系统是静脉,而给水处理厂、污水再生水厂及其配套的泵站系统共同构成人体的心脏。如同动脉、静脉和心脏协同保障人体健康的血液循环,供水系统向城乡社会输送优质饮用水,是保障社会运行的关键。由此可见,城乡供水系统是重要的民生工程,是经济社会发展不可替代的基础支撑,是生态环境改善不可分割的保障系统。党的十九大报告提出,推进资源全面节约和循环利用,倡导简约适度、绿色低碳的生活方式,为实施城乡健康供水提供依据和政策。
我国经历了改革开放高速发展的40年,国民经济发展和人民受教育程度逐年改善,基础设施日益完备。但是,相比于高质量发展的社会经济和日益美好的社会生活,社会节制用水路径和措施略显匮乏,进一步影响到城乡社会水健康循环。我们通过对水资源禀赋情况调查分析,对城乡供水系统的特点进行归纳,按水循环依次介绍了水源、净化、输配等环节的工程方案以及管理和应急技术,从节能角度开发了供水生产工艺及附属设备,并编写了本书。
本书针对城乡供水系统,以低碳、安全、健康的生产方案为总体目标,从水源管理、净化及输配等方面进行阐述,提出了地表水源供水系统安全管理和应急技术,介绍了城乡供水新方案、新工艺和新装备,旨在让读者进一步熟悉和掌握城乡供水系统的建设和管理。
在党和国家高度重视人民饮水安全工作的今天,本书的出版发行,将丰富供水工程建设方案和管理措施,提高节制用水水平,协调生活生产生态用水,也有利于合理开发、配置、使用、节约和保护水资源,有助于实现多种水资源的可持续利用,对促进国民经济发展和满足人民饮水需求具有积极作用。
中国工程院院士、哈尔滨工业大学教授
前言
水是生命之源,是人类生存发展的基础,是经济社会发展的保障。供水是社会可持续发展和保障城乡经济正常运行的重要组成部分,是居民生活和工农业生产不可缺少的基础设施,是城乡文明的重要标志。随着我国城乡建设进程的加快,城乡的供水工程建设已取得较快发展和长足进步。同时,我国政府向世界做出庄重承诺,力争在2030年前实现碳达峰、2060年前实现碳中和,这就要求城乡供水系统既注重高质量发展,也促进低碳生产,总体碳排放稳中有降。
为了促进城乡协调发展,确保供水安全和饮水健康,一方面要采用科学手段保证优质足量的饮用水供给,另一方面还要控制供水系统全生命周期的总体能耗处于合理区间。城乡供水系统的安全问题由来已久,因其分布面广、专业性强、损害后果重等特点,受到政府、学者及公众的广泛关注。
城乡供水系统问题既涉及工程规划建设质量,也与水源条件和管理水平相关,既事关饮水健康,又牵涉供水安全,不但包括设施建造及维护等技术层面内容,还涵盖用水习惯和供水管理等观念转变问题。因此,城乡供水系统建设,既要注重经济性、实用性、先进性,还要与使用者的承受能力相适应。与此同时,要按照节能降耗的原则,满足城乡供水系统用电增容、药剂管控的限制要求;按照节水要求,实现城乡用水方便基础上的节约用水和价格杠杆作用下的节制用水;按照生态文明的总体要求,不断提升城乡供水质量,实现集中供给饮用水在广大城乡区域差异化地区发挥出经济效益、社会效益、环境效益和生态效益。城乡供水系统的总目标是,充分满足人的需求,实现人民对饮用水的获得感和满足感,让多种水资源协调互补地满足经济社会发展要求。实现城乡供水一体化的技术途径应当涵盖以下四个方面:①水源开发利用、水质管理保护,以及多水源优化调度;②净水工艺比选、运行参数优化;③输配水管网体系构建、智能化管理,管道材料、附属构筑物及附件设备开发;④供水系统监测、维修,以及安全、应急管理等。
伴随技术进步,城乡供水系统日臻完善,颁布实施的法律法规和技术文件极大地促进了城乡供水系统规范化建设和自动化运行。但是,部分区域所采用的供水技术仍然存在“条块分割”“因循守旧”等问题。本书是作者在近几年探索、研究和系统分析的基础上,针对城乡供水系统中存在的问题而编写的。在部分章节中,提出了一些新的见解和观点,融入了较前沿的研究成果,其中相当一部分是已经完成的研究课题和工程项目。
本书自始至终从安全和节能的角度阐述城乡供水系统规划建设和运行管理,尤其注重从工程角度论述城乡供水技术。主要内容如下:
第1章,概述了城乡供水系统的主要组成部分及作用、供水系统运行管理要求,分析了城乡供水现状及发展趋势。
第2章,简要介绍了我国水资源概况、供水水源水质要求,概述了几种水质评价预测及藻类变化模型,提出了水质监测策略。
第3章,总结了常规地表水净水工艺及其设计参数,开发了地表水源净水预处理技术,提出了净水处理新工艺。
第4章,阐述了输配水管网系统功能、组成、规划布置要求,介绍了新型供水井具、计量设备。
第5章,结合实例,介绍了几种城乡供水一体化模式,并从智慧供水角度对供水系统调度、监测维护、安全管理等内容加以详细描述。
第6章,从事故分级入手,介绍了供水应急体系建设要求,重点围绕水厂和水污染事故提出了针对性应急技术。
总之,本书强调理论分析与工程实践相结合,论述浅显易懂,内容丰富翔实。对促进城乡供水系统科学规划建设、降低全生命周期能源消耗、提高有关设施安全运行水平等具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。
本书由张立勇、牛豫海、张强、郭华、刘俊良著,由中国工程院院士、哈尔滨工业大学教授张杰主审。
在本书的编写过程中参考了一些研究成果、工程案例和技术文件,在此向被引用资料的作者表示衷心感谢。
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