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中医传薪录 华夏中医拾珍系列丛书(共4册)
$52.40
人体的血管与血液循环
人体血液靠压力循环,靠瓣膜维持循环方向,靠血管通畅输送血液和营养。管道通畅是血液循环的保障。管壁光滑可防止血液中有形成分黏附或悬挂在血管壁,血管内皮细胞分泌的和血液中存在的抗凝物质可防止血液发生凝固。当血液循环的压力、血管瓣膜、管壁、抗凝物发生异常,血液有形成分血小板就可能黏附或悬挂在血管壁上,血液中的凝血因子就会激活发生血液凝固,形成血栓,堵塞血管。血管一旦堵塞,危害极大。发生在脑血管引起脑血栓,发生在冠状动脉引起心肌梗死。"通"是健康的标志,通则无病。气道通,呼吸好;胃肠道通,消化好;血管通,循环好!人体的各种管道通畅,才能维持正常的生理功能!
一、血液循环的两个管道
人们知道:从北京开往上海,再从上海回到北京,有往返车道。公路通畅,汽车才能奔驰在往返的公路上顺利到达上海,平安回到北京。要保证公路交通通畅,公路不仅要宽敞、更不许有任何障碍物!
人体的血液循环也同样。人体有动脉和静脉两条运输管道,如同往返公路,有去有回,血液通过动脉送去人体需要营养物质,通过静脉带回排泄产物,维持人体正常的新陈代谢。要保证血液正常循环,生理上(血管与血液)具有一定的公路通畅"机制!一旦运输通道(血管)堵塞,运输很快就会出问题,导致血管病发生。
人体的血管由动脉、静脉和毛细血管组成。动脉和静脉包括大的、中的、小的和毛细血管。动脉毛细血管把营养物质和氧气输送给组织,通过组织交换,静脉毛细血管则把代谢产物带回,经肺排出二氧化碳,经肾排出废物。严格地说动脉与静脉之间是不相通的。血液循环的动力起源于心脏。心脏的窦房结具有起搏性和自律性,它可以使心脏规律地收缩与舒张。心脏有四个腔,分别叫左心房、左心室,右心房、右心室。心房与心室通过瓣膜相隔。右心房与腔静脉相连,接受回心的静脉血,右心室接受右心房的静脉血,右心室与肺动脉相连,右心室收缩右心房舒张时,腔静脉血进入心房,右心室血射入肺动脉进入肺,血液在肺进行气体交换,排出二氧化碳吸收氧气。左心房与肺静脉相连,接受带有氧气的肺血液,左心室接受左心房的血,左心室与主动脉相连,左心室收缩左心房舒张时,肺静脉血进入左心房,左心室血射入主动脉,通过主动脉及动脉分支把带有氧气和营养物质的血液送给全身各组织器官(图 1-1) 。
血液依靠心脏泵的作用不断循环,如同这样描写:
心脏作用如同泵,血入动脉周身行,
回心血液走静脉,血液循环永不停,
左右两心虽相邻,两心之间却不通,
左心连接主动脉,右心射血进肺中,
物质交换在外周,毛细血管起作用,
废物通过肾排泄,气体交换肺进行,
生理功能要正常,交通要道必须通,
一旦管道有病变,堵塞之后生重病。
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